숨다
Korean
Etymology
First attested in the Yongbi eocheon'ga (龍飛御天歌 / 용비어천가), 1447, as Middle Korean 숨〮다〮 (Yale: swúm-tá).
Pronunciation
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [ˈsʰu(ː)mt͈a̠]
- Phonetic hangul: [숨(ː)따]
- Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.
| Romanizations | |
|---|---|
| Revised Romanization? | sumda |
| Revised Romanization (translit.)? | sumda |
| McCune–Reischauer? | sumta |
| Yale Romanization? | swūmqta |
Verb
| Base | 숨다 (sumda) |
|---|---|
| Causative | 숨기다 (sumgida) |
숨다 • (sumda) (infinitive 숨어, sequential 숨으니)
Conjugation
Selected forms of the verb 숨다 (sumda): consonant-stem, regular
| Sentence-final forms | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Formal non-polite (해라체) |
Informal non-polite (해체) |
Informal polite (해요체) |
Formal polite (하십시오체) | ||
| Indicative | Non-past | 숨는다 sumneunda |
숨어 sumeo |
숨어요 sumeoyo |
숨습니다 sumseumnida |
| Past | 숨었다 sumeotda |
숨었어 sumeosseo |
숨었어요 sumeosseoyo |
숨었습니다 sumeotseumnida | |
| Interrogative | Non-past | 숨느냐 sumneunya |
숨어 sumeo |
숨어요 sumeoyo |
숨습니까 sumseumnikka |
| Past | 숨었느냐 sumeonneunya |
숨었어 sumeosseo |
숨었어요 sumeosseoyo |
숨었습니까 sumeotseumnikka | |
| Hortative | 숨자 sumja | 숨어 sumeo | 숨어요 sumeoyo | 숨으십시다 sumeusipsida | |
| Imperative | 숨어라 sumeora | 숨어 sumeo | 숨어요 sumeoyo | 숨읍시오 sumeupsio | |
| Assertive | 숨겠다 sumgetda | 숨겠어 sumgesseo | 숨겠어요 sumgesseoyo | 숨겠습니다 sumgetseumnida | |
| Connective forms | |||||
| Cause/Reason | 숨어 sumeo | 숨어서 sumeoseo | 숨으니 sumeuni | 숨으니까 sumeunikka | |
| Contrast | 숨지만 sumjiman | 숨는데 sumneunde | 숨더니 sumdeoni | ||
| Conjunction | 숨고 sumgo | ||||
| Condition | 숨으면 sumeumyeon | 숨어야 sumeoya | |||
| Motive | 숨으려고 sumeuryeogo | ||||
| Noun and determiner forms | |||||
| Verbal nouns | 숨음 sumeum | 숨기 sumgi | |||
| Past-tense verbal nouns | 숨었음 sumeosseum | 숨었기 sumeotgi | |||
| Determiners | Past | 숨은 sumeun | |||
| Present | 숨는 sumneun | ||||
| Future | 숨을 sumeul | ||||
| Sentence-final forms with honorific | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Formal non-polite (해라체) |
Informal non-polite (해체) |
Informal polite (해요체) |
Formal polite (하십시오체) | ||
| Indicative | Non-past | 숨으신다 sumeusinda |
숨으셔 sumeusyeo |
숨으세요, 숨으셔요 sumeuseyo, sumeusyeoyo |
숨으십니다 sumeusimnida |
| Past | 숨으셨다 sumeusyeotda |
숨으셨어 sumeusyeosseo |
숨으셨어요 sumeusyeosseoyo |
숨으셨습니다 sumeusyeotseumnida | |
| Interrogative | Non-past | 숨으시느냐 sumeusineunya |
숨으셔 sumeusyeo |
숨으세요, 숨으셔요 sumeuseyo, sumeusyeoyo |
숨으십니까 sumeusimnikka |
| Past | 숨으셨느냐 sumeusyeonneunya |
숨으셨어 sumeusyeosseo |
숨으셨어요 sumeusyeosseoyo |
숨으셨습니까 sumeusyeotseumnikka | |
| Imperative | 숨으시라 sumeusira | 숨으셔 sumeusyeo | 숨으세요 sumeuseyo | 숨으십시오 sumeusipsio | |
| Assertive | 숨으시겠다 sumeusigetda | 숨으시겠어 sumeusigesseo | 숨으시겠어요 sumeusigesseoyo | 숨으시겠습니다 sumeusigetseumnida | |
| Connective forms with honorific | |||||
| Cause/Reason | 숨으셔 sumeusyeo | 숨으셔서 sumeusyeoseo | 숨으시니 sumeusini | 숨으시니까 sumeusinikka | |
| Contrast | 숨으시지만 sumeusijiman | 숨으시는데 sumeusineunde | 숨으시더니 sumeusideoni | ||
| Conjunction | 숨으시고 sumeusigo | ||||
| Condition | 숨으시면 sumeusimyeon | 숨으셔야 sumeusyeoya | |||
| Motive | 숨으시려고 sumeusiryeogo | ||||
| Noun and determiner forms with honorific | |||||
| Verbal nouns | 숨으심 sumeusim | 숨으시기 sumeusigi | |||
| Past-tense verbal nouns | 숨으셨음 sumeusyeosseum | 숨으셨기 sumeusyeotgi | |||
| Determiners | Past | 숨으신 sumeusin | |||
| Present | 숨으시는 sumeusineun | ||||
| Future | 숨으실 sumeusil | ||||
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