서다
Korean
Alternative forms
- 스다 (seuda) — colloquial, dialectal
Etymology
First attested in the Yongbi eocheon'ga (龍飛御天歌 / 용비어천가), 1447, as Middle Korean 셔다〮 (Yale: syètá).
Likely from pre-Middle Korean *ᄉᆢ다〮 (*syòtá) as demonstrated by the Middle Korean infinitive 셔〮아〮 (syéá) and Jeju ᄉᆞ다 (sawda), 사다 (sada).
Pronunciation
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [sʰʌ̹da̠]
- Phonetic hangul: [서다]
| Romanizations | |
|---|---|
| Revised Romanization? | seoda |
| Revised Romanization (translit.)? | seoda |
| McCune–Reischauer? | sŏda |
| Yale Romanization? | seta |
Verb
| Base | 서다 (seoda) |
|---|---|
| Causative | 세우다 (se'uda) |
서다 • (seoda) (infinitive 서어, sequential 서니)
Conjugation
Selected forms of the verb 서다 (seoda): vowel-stem, regular
| Sentence-final forms | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Formal non-polite (해라체) |
Informal non-polite (해체) |
Informal polite (해요체) |
Formal polite (하십시오체) | ||
| Indicative | Non-past | 선다 seonda |
서어 seo'eo |
서어요 seo'eoyo |
섭니다 seomnida |
| Past | 서었다 seo'eotda |
서었어 seo'eosseo |
서었어요 seo'eosseoyo |
서었습니다 seo'eotseumnida | |
| Interrogative | Non-past | 서느냐 seoneunya |
서어 seo'eo |
서어요 seo'eoyo |
섭니까 seomnikka |
| Past | 서었느냐 seo'eonneunya |
서었어 seo'eosseo |
서었어요 seo'eosseoyo |
서었습니까 seo'eotseumnikka | |
| Hortative | 서자 seoja | 서어 seo'eo | 서어요 seo'eoyo | 서십시다 seosipsida | |
| Imperative | 서어라 seo'eora | 서어 seo'eo | 서어요 seo'eoyo | 섭시오 seopsio | |
| Assertive | 서겠다 seogetda | 서겠어 seogesseo | 서겠어요 seogesseoyo | 서겠습니다 seogetseumnida | |
| Connective forms | |||||
| Cause/Reason | 서어 seo'eo | 서어서 seo'eoseo | 서니 seoni | 서니까 seonikka | |
| Contrast | 서지만 seojiman | 서는데 seoneunde | 서더니 seodeoni | ||
| Conjunction | 서고 seogo | ||||
| Condition | 서면 seomyeon | 서어야 seo'eoya | |||
| Motive | 서려고 seoryeogo | ||||
| Noun and determiner forms | |||||
| Verbal nouns | 섬 seom | 서기 seogi | |||
| Past-tense verbal nouns | 서었음 seo'eosseum | 서었기 seo'eotgi | |||
| Determiners | Past | 선 seon | |||
| Present | 서는 seoneun | ||||
| Future | 설 seol | ||||
| Sentence-final forms with honorific | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Formal non-polite (해라체) |
Informal non-polite (해체) |
Informal polite (해요체) |
Formal polite (하십시오체) | ||
| Indicative | Non-past | 서신다 seosinda |
서셔 seosyeo |
서세요, 서셔요 seoseyo, seosyeoyo |
서십니다 seosimnida |
| Past | 서셨다 seosyeotda |
서셨어 seosyeosseo |
서셨어요 seosyeosseoyo |
서셨습니다 seosyeotseumnida | |
| Interrogative | Non-past | 서시느냐 seosineunya |
서셔 seosyeo |
서세요, 서셔요 seoseyo, seosyeoyo |
서십니까 seosimnikka |
| Past | 서셨느냐 seosyeonneunya |
서셨어 seosyeosseo |
서셨어요 seosyeosseoyo |
서셨습니까 seosyeotseumnikka | |
| Imperative | 서시라 seosira | 서셔 seosyeo | 서세요 seoseyo | 서십시오 seosipsio | |
| Assertive | 서시겠다 seosigetda | 서시겠어 seosigesseo | 서시겠어요 seosigesseoyo | 서시겠습니다 seosigetseumnida | |
| Connective forms with honorific | |||||
| Cause/Reason | 서셔 seosyeo | 서셔서 seosyeoseo | 서시니 seosini | 서시니까 seosinikka | |
| Contrast | 서시지만 seosijiman | 서시는데 seosineunde | 서시더니 seosideoni | ||
| Conjunction | 서시고 seosigo | ||||
| Condition | 서시면 seosimyeon | 서셔야 seosyeoya | |||
| Motive | 서시려고 seosiryeogo | ||||
| Noun and determiner forms with honorific | |||||
| Verbal nouns | 서심 seosim | 서시기 seosigi | |||
| Past-tense verbal nouns | 서셨음 seosyeosseum | 서셨기 seosyeotgi | |||
| Determiners | Past | 서신 seosin | |||
| Present | 서시는 seosineun | ||||
| Future | 서실 seosil | ||||
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