무르다
Korean
Etymology 1
First attested in the Neung'eomgyeong eonhae (楞嚴經諺解 / 능엄경언해), 1461, as Middle Korean 므르다〮.
Pronunciation
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [muɾɯda̠]
- Phonetic hangul: [무르다]
| Romanizations | |
|---|---|
| Revised Romanization? | mureuda |
| Revised Romanization (translit.)? | muleuda |
| McCune–Reischauer? | murŭda |
| Yale Romanization? | muluta |
Adjective
무르다 • (mureuda) (infinitive 물러, sequential 무르니)
- (to be) soft, tender
- (to be) weak, submissive
Conjugation
Selected forms of the adjective 무르다 (mureuda): vowel-stem, 르(reu)-irregular
| Sentence-final forms | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Formal non-polite (해라체) |
Informal non-polite (해체) |
Informal polite (해요체) |
Formal polite (하십시오체) | ||
| Indicative | Non-past | 무르다 mureuda |
물러 mulleo |
물러요 mulleoyo |
무릅니다 mureumnida |
| Past | 물렀다 mulleotda |
물렀어 mulleosseo |
물렀어요 mulleosseoyo |
물렀습니다 mulleotseumnida | |
| Interrogative | Non-past | 무르냐 mureunya |
물러 mulleo |
물러요 mulleoyo |
무릅니까 mureumnikka |
| Past | 물렀냐 mulleonnya |
물렀어 mulleosseo |
물렀어요 mulleosseoyo |
물렀습니까 mulleotseumnikka | |
| Assertive | 무르겠다 mureugetda | 무르겠어 mureugesseo | 무르겠어요 mureugesseoyo | 무르겠습니다 mureugetseumnida | |
| Connective forms | |||||
| Cause/Reason | 물러 mulleo | 물러서 mulleoseo | 무르니 mureuni | 무르니까 mureunikka | |
| Contrast | 무르지만 mureujiman | 무른데 mureunde | 무르더니 mureudeoni | ||
| Conjunction | 무르고 mureugo | ||||
| Condition | 무르면 mureumyeon | 물러야 mulleoya | |||
| Noun and determiner forms | |||||
| Verbal nouns | 무름 mureum | 무르기 mureugi | |||
| Past-tense verbal nouns | 물렀음 mulleosseum | 물렀기 mulleotgi | |||
| Determiners | Present | 무른 mureun | |||
| Future | 무를 mureul | ||||
| Sentence-final forms with honorific | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Plain (해라체) | Informal (해체) | Polite (해요체) | Formal (하십시오체) | ||
| Indicative | Non-past | 무르시다 mureusida |
무르셔 mureusyeo |
무르세요, 무르셔요 mureuseyo, mureusyeoyo |
무르십니다 mureusimnida |
| Past | 무르셨다 mureusyeotda |
무르셨어 mureusyeosseo |
무르셨어요 mureusyeosseoyo |
무르셨습니다 mureusyeotseumnida | |
| Interrogative | Non-past | 무르시냐 mureusinya |
무르셔 mureusyeo |
무르세요, 무르셔요 mureuseyo, mureusyeoyo |
무르십니까 mureusimnikka |
| Past | 무르셨냐 mureusyeonnya |
무르셨어 mureusyeosseo |
무르셨어요 mureusyeosseoyo |
무르셨습니까 mureusyeotseumnikka | |
| Assertive | 무르시겠다 mureusigetda | 무르시겠어 mureusigesseo | 무르시겠어요 mureusigesseoyo | 무르시겠습니다 mureusigetseumnida | |
| Connective forms with honorific | |||||
| Cause/Reason | 무르셔 mureusyeo | 무르셔서 mureusyeoseo | 무르시니 mureusini | 무르시니까 mureusinikka | |
| Contrast | 무르시지만 mureusijiman | 무르신데 mureusinde | 무르시더니 mureusideoni | ||
| Conjunction | 무르시고 mureusigo | ||||
| Condition | 무르시면 mureusimyeon | 무르셔야 mureusyeoya | |||
| Noun and determiner forms with honorific | |||||
| Verbal nouns | 무르심 mureusim | 무르시기 mureusigi | |||
| Past-tense verbal nouns | 무르셨음 mureusyeosseum | 무르셨기 mureusyeotgi | |||
| Determiners | Present | 무르신 mureusin | |||
| Future | 무르실 mureusil | ||||
Conjugation
Selected forms of the verb 무르다 (mureuda): vowel-stem, 르(reu)-irregular
| Sentence-final forms | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Formal non-polite (해라체) |
Informal non-polite (해체) |
Informal polite (해요체) |
Formal polite (하십시오체) | ||
| Indicative | Non-past | 무른다 mureunda |
물러 mulleo |
물러요 mulleoyo |
무릅니다 mureumnida |
| Past | 물렀다 mulleotda |
물렀어 mulleosseo |
물렀어요 mulleosseoyo |
물렀습니다 mulleotseumnida | |
| Interrogative | Non-past | 무르느냐 mureuneunya |
물러 mulleo |
물러요 mulleoyo |
무릅니까 mureumnikka |
| Past | 물렀느냐 mulleonneunya |
물렀어 mulleosseo |
물렀어요 mulleosseoyo |
물렀습니까 mulleotseumnikka | |
| Hortative | 무르자 mureuja | 물러 mulleo | 물러요 mulleoyo | 무르십시다 mureusipsida | |
| Imperative | 물러라 mulleora | 물러 mulleo | 물러요 mulleoyo | 무릅시오 mureupsio | |
| Assertive | 무르겠다 mureugetda | 무르겠어 mureugesseo | 무르겠어요 mureugesseoyo | 무르겠습니다 mureugetseumnida | |
| Connective forms | |||||
| Cause/Reason | 물러 mulleo | 물러서 mulleoseo | 무르니 mureuni | 무르니까 mureunikka | |
| Contrast | 무르지만 mureujiman | 무르는데 mureuneunde | 무르더니 mureudeoni | ||
| Conjunction | 무르고 mureugo | ||||
| Condition | 무르면 mureumyeon | 물러야 mulleoya | |||
| Motive | 무르려고 mureuryeogo | ||||
| Noun and determiner forms | |||||
| Verbal nouns | 무름 mureum | 무르기 mureugi | |||
| Past-tense verbal nouns | 물렀음 mulleosseum | 물렀기 mulleotgi | |||
| Determiners | Past | 무른 mureun | |||
| Present | 무르는 mureuneun | ||||
| Future | 무를 mureul | ||||
| Sentence-final forms with honorific | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Formal non-polite (해라체) |
Informal non-polite (해체) |
Informal polite (해요체) |
Formal polite (하십시오체) | ||
| Indicative | Non-past | 무르신다 mureusinda |
무르셔 mureusyeo |
무르세요, 무르셔요 mureuseyo, mureusyeoyo |
무르십니다 mureusimnida |
| Past | 무르셨다 mureusyeotda |
무르셨어 mureusyeosseo |
무르셨어요 mureusyeosseoyo |
무르셨습니다 mureusyeotseumnida | |
| Interrogative | Non-past | 무르시느냐 mureusineunya |
무르셔 mureusyeo |
무르세요, 무르셔요 mureuseyo, mureusyeoyo |
무르십니까 mureusimnikka |
| Past | 무르셨느냐 mureusyeonneunya |
무르셨어 mureusyeosseo |
무르셨어요 mureusyeosseoyo |
무르셨습니까 mureusyeotseumnikka | |
| Imperative | 무르시라 mureusira | 무르셔 mureusyeo | 무르세요 mureuseyo | 무르십시오 mureusipsio | |
| Assertive | 무르시겠다 mureusigetda | 무르시겠어 mureusigesseo | 무르시겠어요 mureusigesseoyo | 무르시겠습니다 mureusigetseumnida | |
| Connective forms with honorific | |||||
| Cause/Reason | 무르셔 mureusyeo | 무르셔서 mureusyeoseo | 무르시니 mureusini | 무르시니까 mureusinikka | |
| Contrast | 무르시지만 mureusijiman | 무르시는데 mureusineunde | 무르시더니 mureusideoni | ||
| Conjunction | 무르시고 mureusigo | ||||
| Condition | 무르시면 mureusimyeon | 무르셔야 mureusyeoya | |||
| Motive | 무르시려고 mureusiryeogo | ||||
| Noun and determiner forms with honorific | |||||
| Verbal nouns | 무르심 mureusim | 무르시기 mureusigi | |||
| Past-tense verbal nouns | 무르셨음 mureusyeosseum | 무르셨기 mureusyeotgi | |||
| Determiners | Past | 무르신 mureusin | |||
| Present | 무르시는 mureusineun | ||||
| Future | 무르실 mureusil | ||||
See also
- 무르녹다 (mureunokda, “to ripen”)
Etymology 2
First attested in the Worin seokbo (月印釋譜 / 월인석보), 1459, as Middle Korean 므르다〮.
May be cognate with Early Modern Korean 믄허디다 (munhetita, “to topple over”).
Pronunciation
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [muɾɯda̠]
- Phonetic hangul: [무르다]
| Romanizations | |
|---|---|
| Revised Romanization? | mureuda |
| Revised Romanization (translit.)? | muleuda |
| McCune–Reischauer? | murŭda |
| Yale Romanization? | muluta |
Verb
무르다 • (mureuda) (infinitive 물러, sequential 무르니)
- to get a refund; to counterbalance a transaction
- to retreat
Conjugation
Selected forms of the verb 무르다 (mureuda): vowel-stem, 르(reu)-irregular
| Sentence-final forms | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Formal non-polite (해라체) |
Informal non-polite (해체) |
Informal polite (해요체) |
Formal polite (하십시오체) | ||
| Indicative | Non-past | 무른다 mureunda |
물러 mulleo |
물러요 mulleoyo |
무릅니다 mureumnida |
| Past | 물렀다 mulleotda |
물렀어 mulleosseo |
물렀어요 mulleosseoyo |
물렀습니다 mulleotseumnida | |
| Interrogative | Non-past | 무르느냐 mureuneunya |
물러 mulleo |
물러요 mulleoyo |
무릅니까 mureumnikka |
| Past | 물렀느냐 mulleonneunya |
물렀어 mulleosseo |
물렀어요 mulleosseoyo |
물렀습니까 mulleotseumnikka | |
| Hortative | 무르자 mureuja | 물러 mulleo | 물러요 mulleoyo | 무르십시다 mureusipsida | |
| Imperative | 물러라 mulleora | 물러 mulleo | 물러요 mulleoyo | 무릅시오 mureupsio | |
| Assertive | 무르겠다 mureugetda | 무르겠어 mureugesseo | 무르겠어요 mureugesseoyo | 무르겠습니다 mureugetseumnida | |
| Connective forms | |||||
| Cause/Reason | 물러 mulleo | 물러서 mulleoseo | 무르니 mureuni | 무르니까 mureunikka | |
| Contrast | 무르지만 mureujiman | 무르는데 mureuneunde | 무르더니 mureudeoni | ||
| Conjunction | 무르고 mureugo | ||||
| Condition | 무르면 mureumyeon | 물러야 mulleoya | |||
| Motive | 무르려고 mureuryeogo | ||||
| Noun and determiner forms | |||||
| Verbal nouns | 무름 mureum | 무르기 mureugi | |||
| Past-tense verbal nouns | 물렀음 mulleosseum | 물렀기 mulleotgi | |||
| Determiners | Past | 무른 mureun | |||
| Present | 무르는 mureuneun | ||||
| Future | 무를 mureul | ||||
| Sentence-final forms with honorific | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Formal non-polite (해라체) |
Informal non-polite (해체) |
Informal polite (해요체) |
Formal polite (하십시오체) | ||
| Indicative | Non-past | 무르신다 mureusinda |
무르셔 mureusyeo |
무르세요, 무르셔요 mureuseyo, mureusyeoyo |
무르십니다 mureusimnida |
| Past | 무르셨다 mureusyeotda |
무르셨어 mureusyeosseo |
무르셨어요 mureusyeosseoyo |
무르셨습니다 mureusyeotseumnida | |
| Interrogative | Non-past | 무르시느냐 mureusineunya |
무르셔 mureusyeo |
무르세요, 무르셔요 mureuseyo, mureusyeoyo |
무르십니까 mureusimnikka |
| Past | 무르셨느냐 mureusyeonneunya |
무르셨어 mureusyeosseo |
무르셨어요 mureusyeosseoyo |
무르셨습니까 mureusyeotseumnikka | |
| Imperative | 무르시라 mureusira | 무르셔 mureusyeo | 무르세요 mureuseyo | 무르십시오 mureusipsio | |
| Assertive | 무르시겠다 mureusigetda | 무르시겠어 mureusigesseo | 무르시겠어요 mureusigesseoyo | 무르시겠습니다 mureusigetseumnida | |
| Connective forms with honorific | |||||
| Cause/Reason | 무르셔 mureusyeo | 무르셔서 mureusyeoseo | 무르시니 mureusini | 무르시니까 mureusinikka | |
| Contrast | 무르시지만 mureusijiman | 무르시는데 mureusineunde | 무르시더니 mureusideoni | ||
| Conjunction | 무르시고 mureusigo | ||||
| Condition | 무르시면 mureusimyeon | 무르셔야 mureusyeoya | |||
| Motive | 무르시려고 mureusiryeogo | ||||
| Noun and determiner forms with honorific | |||||
| Verbal nouns | 무르심 mureusim | 무르시기 mureusigi | |||
| Past-tense verbal nouns | 무르셨음 mureusyeosseum | 무르셨기 mureusyeotgi | |||
| Determiners | Past | 무르신 mureusin | |||
| Present | 무르시는 mureusineun | ||||
| Future | 무르실 mureusil | ||||
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