막다
Korean
Etymology
First attested in the Yongbi eocheon'ga (龍飛御天歌 / 용비어천가), 1447, as Middle Korean 막다〮 (Yale: màk-tá).
Pronunciation
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [ma̠k̚t͈a̠]
- Phonetic hangul: [막따]
| Romanizations | |
|---|---|
| Revised Romanization? | makda |
| Revised Romanization (translit.)? | magda |
| McCune–Reischauer? | makta |
| Yale Romanization? | makta |
Verb
| Base | 막다 (makda) |
|---|---|
| Passive | 막히다 (makhida) |
막다 • (makda) (infinitive 막아, sequential 막으니) (transitive)
Conjugation
Selected forms of the verb 막다 (makda): consonant-stem, regular
| Sentence-final forms | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Formal non-polite (해라체) |
Informal non-polite (해체) |
Informal polite (해요체) |
Formal polite (하십시오체) | ||
| Indicative | Non-past | 막는다 mangneunda |
막아 maga |
막아요 magayo |
막습니다 makseumnida |
| Past | 막았다 magatda |
막았어 magasseo |
막았어요 magasseoyo |
막았습니다 magatseumnida | |
| Interrogative | Non-past | 막느냐 mangneunya |
막아 maga |
막아요 magayo |
막습니까 makseumnikka |
| Past | 막았느냐 maganneunya |
막았어 magasseo |
막았어요 magasseoyo |
막았습니까 magatseumnikka | |
| Hortative | 막자 makja | 막아 maga | 막아요 magayo | 막으십시다 mageusipsida | |
| Imperative | 막아라 magara | 막아 maga | 막아요 magayo | 막읍시오 mageupsio | |
| Assertive | 막겠다 makgetda | 막겠어 makgesseo | 막겠어요 makgesseoyo | 막겠습니다 makgetseumnida | |
| Connective forms | |||||
| Cause/Reason | 막아 maga | 막아서 magaseo | 막으니 mageuni | 막으니까 mageunikka | |
| Contrast | 막지만 makjiman | 막는데 mangneunde | 막더니 makdeoni | ||
| Conjunction | 막고 makgo | ||||
| Condition | 막으면 mageumyeon | 막아야 magaya | |||
| Motive | 막으려고 mageuryeogo | ||||
| Noun and determiner forms | |||||
| Verbal nouns | 막음 mageum | 막기 makgi | |||
| Past-tense verbal nouns | 막았음 magasseum | 막았기 magatgi | |||
| Determiners | Past | 막은 mageun | |||
| Present | 막는 mangneun | ||||
| Future | 막을 mageul | ||||
| Sentence-final forms with honorific | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Formal non-polite (해라체) |
Informal non-polite (해체) |
Informal polite (해요체) |
Formal polite (하십시오체) | ||
| Indicative | Non-past | 막으신다 mageusinda |
막으셔 mageusyeo |
막으세요, 막으셔요 mageuseyo, mageusyeoyo |
막으십니다 mageusimnida |
| Past | 막으셨다 mageusyeotda |
막으셨어 mageusyeosseo |
막으셨어요 mageusyeosseoyo |
막으셨습니다 mageusyeotseumnida | |
| Interrogative | Non-past | 막으시느냐 mageusineunya |
막으셔 mageusyeo |
막으세요, 막으셔요 mageuseyo, mageusyeoyo |
막으십니까 mageusimnikka |
| Past | 막으셨느냐 mageusyeonneunya |
막으셨어 mageusyeosseo |
막으셨어요 mageusyeosseoyo |
막으셨습니까 mageusyeotseumnikka | |
| Imperative | 막으시라 mageusira | 막으셔 mageusyeo | 막으세요 mageuseyo | 막으십시오 mageusipsio | |
| Assertive | 막으시겠다 mageusigetda | 막으시겠어 mageusigesseo | 막으시겠어요 mageusigesseoyo | 막으시겠습니다 mageusigetseumnida | |
| Connective forms with honorific | |||||
| Cause/Reason | 막으셔 mageusyeo | 막으셔서 mageusyeoseo | 막으시니 mageusini | 막으시니까 mageusinikka | |
| Contrast | 막으시지만 mageusijiman | 막으시는데 mageusineunde | 막으시더니 mageusideoni | ||
| Conjunction | 막으시고 mageusigo | ||||
| Condition | 막으시면 mageusimyeon | 막으셔야 mageusyeoya | |||
| Motive | 막으시려고 mageusiryeogo | ||||
| Noun and determiner forms with honorific | |||||
| Verbal nouns | 막으심 mageusim | 막으시기 mageusigi | |||
| Past-tense verbal nouns | 막으셨음 mageusyeosseum | 막으셨기 mageusyeotgi | |||
| Determiners | Past | 막으신 mageusin | |||
| Present | 막으시는 mageusineun | ||||
| Future | 막으실 mageusil | ||||
Derived terms
- 가로막다 (garomakda)
- 건너막다 (geonneomakda)
- 막이 (magi)
- 틀어막다 (teureomakda)
Related terms
- 마구 (magu)
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