낫다
Korean
Etymology
First attested in the Gugeupbang eonhae (救急方諺解 / 구급방언해), 1466, as Middle Korean 낫〮다〮 (Yale: nás-tá).
Presumed original sense: "to get better" as a verb, splitting into a general adjective and a more semantically specific verb in modern usage. Compare Middle Korean 둏〯다〮 (Yale: tyǒh-tá, “to become good; to recover from an illness”), which this verb partially replaced.
Pronunciation
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [ˈna̠(ː)t̚t͈a̠]
- Phonetic hangul: [낟(ː)따]
- Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.
| Romanizations | |
|---|---|
| Revised Romanization? | natda |
| Revised Romanization (translit.)? | nasda |
| McCune–Reischauer? | natta |
| Yale Romanization? | nāsta |
Verb
| Base | 낫다 (natda) |
|---|---|
| Causative | 나수다 (nasuda) |
낫다 • (natda) (irregular, infinitive 나아, sequential 나으니)
- (intransitive) to recover from an illness, to get better
Conjugation
Selected forms of the verb 낫다 (natda): consonant-stem, ㅅ(s)-irregular
| Sentence-final forms | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Formal non-polite (해라체) |
Informal non-polite (해체) |
Informal polite (해요체) |
Formal polite (하십시오체) | ||
| Indicative | Non-past | 낫는다 nanneunda |
나아 naa |
나아요 naayo |
낫습니다 natseumnida |
| Past | 나았다 naatda |
나았어 naasseo |
나았어요 naasseoyo |
나았습니다 naatseumnida | |
| Interrogative | Non-past | 낫느냐 nanneunya |
나아 naa |
나아요 naayo |
낫습니까 natseumnikka |
| Past | 나았느냐 naanneunya |
나았어 naasseo |
나았어요 naasseoyo |
나았습니까 naatseumnikka | |
| Hortative | 낫자 natja | 나아 naa | 나아요 naayo | 나으십시다 na'eusipsida | |
| Imperative | 나아라 naara | 나아 naa | 나아요 naayo | 나읍시오 na'eupsio | |
| Assertive | 낫겠다 natgetda | 낫겠어 natgesseo | 낫겠어요 natgesseoyo | 낫겠습니다 natgetseumnida | |
| Connective forms | |||||
| Cause/Reason | 나아 naa | 나아서 naaseo | 나으니 na'euni | 나으니까 na'eunikka | |
| Contrast | 낫지만 natjiman | 낫는데 nanneunde | 낫더니 natdeoni | ||
| Conjunction | 낫고 natgo | ||||
| Condition | 나으면 na'eumyeon | 나아야 naaya | |||
| Motive | 나으려고 na'euryeogo | ||||
| Noun and determiner forms | |||||
| Verbal nouns | 나음 na'eum | 낫기 natgi | |||
| Past-tense verbal nouns | 나았음 naasseum | 나았기 naatgi | |||
| Determiners | Past | 나은 na'eun | |||
| Present | 낫는 nanneun | ||||
| Future | 나을 na'eul | ||||
| Sentence-final forms with honorific | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Formal non-polite (해라체) |
Informal non-polite (해체) |
Informal polite (해요체) |
Formal polite (하십시오체) | ||
| Indicative | Non-past | 나으신다 na'eusinda |
나으셔 na'eusyeo |
나으세요, 나으셔요 na'euseyo, na'eusyeoyo |
나으십니다 na'eusimnida |
| Past | 나으셨다 na'eusyeotda |
나으셨어 na'eusyeosseo |
나으셨어요 na'eusyeosseoyo |
나으셨습니다 na'eusyeotseumnida | |
| Interrogative | Non-past | 나으시느냐 na'eusineunya |
나으셔 na'eusyeo |
나으세요, 나으셔요 na'euseyo, na'eusyeoyo |
나으십니까 na'eusimnikka |
| Past | 나으셨느냐 na'eusyeonneunya |
나으셨어 na'eusyeosseo |
나으셨어요 na'eusyeosseoyo |
나으셨습니까 na'eusyeotseumnikka | |
| Imperative | 나으시라 na'eusira | 나으셔 na'eusyeo | 나으세요 na'euseyo | 나으십시오 na'eusipsio | |
| Assertive | 나으시겠다 na'eusigetda | 나으시겠어 na'eusigesseo | 나으시겠어요 na'eusigesseoyo | 나으시겠습니다 na'eusigetseumnida | |
| Connective forms with honorific | |||||
| Cause/Reason | 나으셔 na'eusyeo | 나으셔서 na'eusyeoseo | 나으시니 na'eusini | 나으시니까 na'eusinikka | |
| Contrast | 나으시지만 na'eusijiman | 나으시는데 na'eusineunde | 나으시더니 na'eusideoni | ||
| Conjunction | 나으시고 na'eusigo | ||||
| Condition | 나으시면 na'eusimyeon | 나으셔야 na'eusyeoya | |||
| Motive | 나으시려고 na'eusiryeogo | ||||
| Noun and determiner forms with honorific | |||||
| Verbal nouns | 나으심 na'eusim | 나으시기 na'eusigi | |||
| Past-tense verbal nouns | 나으셨음 na'eusyeosseum | 나으셨기 na'eusyeotgi | |||
| Determiners | Past | 나으신 na'eusin | |||
| Present | 나으시는 na'eusineun | ||||
| Future | 나으실 na'eusil | ||||
Conjugation
Selected forms of the adjective 낫다 (natda): consonant-stem, ㅅ(s)-irregular
| Sentence-final forms | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Formal non-polite (해라체) |
Informal non-polite (해체) |
Informal polite (해요체) |
Formal polite (하십시오체) | ||
| Indicative | Non-past | 낫다 natda |
나아 naa |
나아요 naayo |
낫습니다 natseumnida |
| Past | 나았다 naatda |
나았어 naasseo |
나았어요 naasseoyo |
나았습니다 naatseumnida | |
| Interrogative | Non-past | 나으냐 na'eunya |
나아 naa |
나아요 naayo |
낫습니까 natseumnikka |
| Past | 나았냐 naannya |
나았어 naasseo |
나았어요 naasseoyo |
나았습니까 naatseumnikka | |
| Assertive | 낫겠다 natgetda | 낫겠어 natgesseo | 낫겠어요 natgesseoyo | 낫겠습니다 natgetseumnida | |
| Connective forms | |||||
| Cause/Reason | 나아 naa | 나아서 naaseo | 나으니 na'euni | 나으니까 na'eunikka | |
| Contrast | 낫지만 natjiman | 나은데 na'eunde | 낫더니 natdeoni | ||
| Conjunction | 낫고 natgo | ||||
| Condition | 나으면 na'eumyeon | 나아야 naaya | |||
| Noun and determiner forms | |||||
| Verbal nouns | 나음 na'eum | 낫기 natgi | |||
| Past-tense verbal nouns | 나았음 naasseum | 나았기 naatgi | |||
| Determiners | Present | 나은 na'eun | |||
| Future | 나을 na'eul | ||||
| Sentence-final forms with honorific | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Plain (해라체) | Informal (해체) | Polite (해요체) | Formal (하십시오체) | ||
| Indicative | Non-past | 나으시다 na'eusida |
나으셔 na'eusyeo |
나으세요, 나으셔요 na'euseyo, na'eusyeoyo |
나으십니다 na'eusimnida |
| Past | 나으셨다 na'eusyeotda |
나으셨어 na'eusyeosseo |
나으셨어요 na'eusyeosseoyo |
나으셨습니다 na'eusyeotseumnida | |
| Interrogative | Non-past | 나으시냐 na'eusinya |
나으셔 na'eusyeo |
나으세요, 나으셔요 na'euseyo, na'eusyeoyo |
나으십니까 na'eusimnikka |
| Past | 나으셨냐 na'eusyeonnya |
나으셨어 na'eusyeosseo |
나으셨어요 na'eusyeosseoyo |
나으셨습니까 na'eusyeotseumnikka | |
| Assertive | 나으시겠다 na'eusigetda | 나으시겠어 na'eusigesseo | 나으시겠어요 na'eusigesseoyo | 나으시겠습니다 na'eusigetseumnida | |
| Connective forms with honorific | |||||
| Cause/Reason | 나으셔 na'eusyeo | 나으셔서 na'eusyeoseo | 나으시니 na'eusini | 나으시니까 na'eusinikka | |
| Contrast | 나으시지만 na'eusijiman | 나으신데 na'eusinde | 나으시더니 na'eusideoni | ||
| Conjunction | 나으시고 na'eusigo | ||||
| Condition | 나으시면 na'eusimyeon | 나으셔야 na'eusyeoya | |||
| Noun and determiner forms with honorific | |||||
| Verbal nouns | 나으심 na'eusim | 나으시기 na'eusigi | |||
| Past-tense verbal nouns | 나으셨음 na'eusyeosseum | 나으셨기 na'eusyeotgi | |||
| Determiners | Present | 나으신 na'eusin | |||
| Future | 나으실 na'eusil | ||||
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