꿋꿋하다

Korean

Etymology

꿋꿋 (kkutkkut) +‎ 하다 (-hada, “to do”, light verb deriving adjectives).

Pronunciation

(SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [k͈ut̚k͈utʰa̠da̠]
Phonetic hangul: [꾿꾸타다]

Romanizations
Revised Romanization^?	kkutkkuthada
Revised Romanization (translit.)^?	kkuskkushada
McCune–Reischauer^?	kkutkkuthada
Yale Romanization^?	kkwuskkwushata

Adjective

Ablaut/harmonic pair
Yin-form	꿋꿋하다 (kkutkkuthada)
Yang-form	꼿꼿하다 (kkotkkothada)

꿋꿋하다 • (kkutkkuthada) (infinitive 꿋꿋해 or 꿋꿋하여, sequential 꿋꿋하니)

strong; firm; solid

Conjugation

Selected forms of the adjective 꿋꿋하다 (kkutkkuthada): vowel-stem, 하(ha)-irregular

Sentence-final forms
		Formal non-polite (해라체)	Informal non-polite (해체)	Informal polite (해요체)	Formal polite (하십시오체)
Indicative	Non-past	꿋꿋하다 kkutkkuthada	꿋꿋해 kkutkkuthae	꿋꿋해요 kkutkkuthaeyo	꿋꿋합니다 kkutkkuthamnida
Indicative	Past	꿋꿋했다 kkutkkuthaetda	꿋꿋했어 kkutkkuthaesseo	꿋꿋했어요 kkutkkuthaesseoyo	꿋꿋했습니다 kkutkkuthaetseumnida
Interrogative	Non-past	꿋꿋하냐 kkutkkuthanya	꿋꿋해 kkutkkuthae	꿋꿋해요 kkutkkuthaeyo	꿋꿋합니까 kkutkkuthamnikka
Interrogative	Past	꿋꿋했냐 kkutkkuthaennya	꿋꿋했어 kkutkkuthaesseo	꿋꿋했어요 kkutkkuthaesseoyo	꿋꿋했습니까 kkutkkuthaetseumnikka
Assertive		꿋꿋하겠다 kkutkkuthagetda	꿋꿋하겠어 kkutkkuthagesseo	꿋꿋하겠어요 kkutkkuthagesseoyo	꿋꿋하겠습니다 kkutkkuthagetseumnida
Connective forms
Cause/Reason		꿋꿋해 kkutkkuthae	꿋꿋해서, 꿋꿋하여서 kkutkkuthaeseo, kkutkkuthayeoseo	꿋꿋하니 kkutkkuthani	꿋꿋하니까 kkutkkuthanikka
Contrast		꿋꿋하지만 kkutkkuthajiman	꿋꿋한데 kkutkkuthande	꿋꿋하더니 kkutkkuthadeoni
Conjunction		꿋꿋하고 kkutkkuthago
Condition		꿋꿋하면 kkutkkuthamyeon	꿋꿋해야, 꿋꿋하여야 kkutkkuthaeya, kkutkkuthayeoya
Noun and determiner forms
Verbal nouns		꿋꿋함 kkutkkutham	꿋꿋하기 kkutkkuthagi
Past-tense verbal nouns		꿋꿋했음, 꿋꿋하였음 kkutkkuthaesseum, kkutkkuthayeosseum	꿋꿋했기, 꿋꿋하였기 kkutkkuthaetgi, kkutkkuthayeotgi
Determiners	Present		꿋꿋한 kkutkkuthan
Determiners	Future		꿋꿋할 kkutkkuthal

Sentence-final forms with honorific
		Plain (해라체)	Informal (해체)	Polite (해요체)	Formal (하십시오체)
Indicative	Non-past	꿋꿋하시다 kkutkkuthasida	꿋꿋하셔 kkutkkuthasyeo	꿋꿋하세요, 꿋꿋하셔요 kkutkkuthaseyo, kkutkkuthasyeoyo	꿋꿋하십니다 kkutkkuthasimnida
Indicative	Past	꿋꿋하셨다 kkutkkuthasyeotda	꿋꿋하셨어 kkutkkuthasyeosseo	꿋꿋하셨어요 kkutkkuthasyeosseoyo	꿋꿋하셨습니다 kkutkkuthasyeotseumnida
Interrogative	Non-past	꿋꿋하시냐 kkutkkuthasinya	꿋꿋하셔 kkutkkuthasyeo	꿋꿋하세요, 꿋꿋하셔요 kkutkkuthaseyo, kkutkkuthasyeoyo	꿋꿋하십니까 kkutkkuthasimnikka
Interrogative	Past	꿋꿋하셨냐 kkutkkuthasyeonnya	꿋꿋하셨어 kkutkkuthasyeosseo	꿋꿋하셨어요 kkutkkuthasyeosseoyo	꿋꿋하셨습니까 kkutkkuthasyeotseumnikka
Assertive		꿋꿋하시겠다 kkutkkuthasigetda	꿋꿋하시겠어 kkutkkuthasigesseo	꿋꿋하시겠어요 kkutkkuthasigesseoyo	꿋꿋하시겠습니다 kkutkkuthasigetseumnida
Connective forms with honorific
Cause/Reason		꿋꿋하셔 kkutkkuthasyeo	꿋꿋하셔서 kkutkkuthasyeoseo	꿋꿋하시니 kkutkkuthasini	꿋꿋하시니까 kkutkkuthasinikka
Contrast		꿋꿋하시지만 kkutkkuthasijiman	꿋꿋하신데 kkutkkuthasinde	꿋꿋하시더니 kkutkkuthasideoni
Conjunction		꿋꿋하시고 kkutkkuthasigo
Condition		꿋꿋하시면 kkutkkuthasimyeon	꿋꿋하셔야 kkutkkuthasyeoya
Noun and determiner forms with honorific
Verbal nouns		꿋꿋하심 kkutkkuthasim	꿋꿋하시기 kkutkkuthasigi
Past-tense verbal nouns		꿋꿋하셨음 kkutkkuthasyeosseum	꿋꿋하셨기 kkutkkuthasyeotgi
Determiners	Present		꿋꿋하신 kkutkkuthasin
Determiners	Future		꿋꿋하실 kkutkkuthasil

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