꽂다
Korean
Etymology
First attested in the Worin seokbo (月印釋譜 / 월인석보), 1459, as Middle Korean 곶다 (Yale: kwoc-ta). The geminated initial consonant derives from a reinforcement with an emphatic value.
Pronunciation
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [k͈o̞t̚t͈a̠]
- Phonetic hangul: [꼳따]
| Romanizations | |
|---|---|
| Revised Romanization? | kkotda |
| Revised Romanization (translit.)? | kkojda |
| McCune–Reischauer? | kkotta |
| Yale Romanization? | kkocta |
Verb
| Base | 꽂다 (kkotda) |
|---|---|
| Passive | 꽂히다 (kkochida) |
꽂다 • (kkotda) (infinitive 꽂아, sequential 꽂으니)
Conjugation
Selected forms of the verb 꽂다 (kkotda): consonant-stem, regular
| Sentence-final forms | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Formal non-polite (해라체) |
Informal non-polite (해체) |
Informal polite (해요체) |
Formal polite (하십시오체) | ||
| Indicative | Non-past | 꽂는다 kkonneunda |
꽂아 kkoja |
꽂아요 kkojayo |
꽂습니다 kkotseumnida |
| Past | 꽂았다 kkojatda |
꽂았어 kkojasseo |
꽂았어요 kkojasseoyo |
꽂았습니다 kkojatseumnida | |
| Interrogative | Non-past | 꽂느냐 kkonneunya |
꽂아 kkoja |
꽂아요 kkojayo |
꽂습니까 kkotseumnikka |
| Past | 꽂았느냐 kkojanneunya |
꽂았어 kkojasseo |
꽂았어요 kkojasseoyo |
꽂았습니까 kkojatseumnikka | |
| Hortative | 꽂자 kkotja | 꽂아 kkoja | 꽂아요 kkojayo | 꽂으십시다 kkojeusipsida | |
| Imperative | 꽂아라 kkojara | 꽂아 kkoja | 꽂아요 kkojayo | 꽂읍시오 kkojeupsio | |
| Assertive | 꽂겠다 kkotgetda | 꽂겠어 kkotgesseo | 꽂겠어요 kkotgesseoyo | 꽂겠습니다 kkotgetseumnida | |
| Connective forms | |||||
| Cause/Reason | 꽂아 kkoja | 꽂아서 kkojaseo | 꽂으니 kkojeuni | 꽂으니까 kkojeunikka | |
| Contrast | 꽂지만 kkotjiman | 꽂는데 kkonneunde | 꽂더니 kkotdeoni | ||
| Conjunction | 꽂고 kkotgo | ||||
| Condition | 꽂으면 kkojeumyeon | 꽂아야 kkojaya | |||
| Motive | 꽂으려고 kkojeuryeogo | ||||
| Noun and determiner forms | |||||
| Verbal nouns | 꽂음 kkojeum | 꽂기 kkotgi | |||
| Past-tense verbal nouns | 꽂았음 kkojasseum | 꽂았기 kkojatgi | |||
| Determiners | Past | 꽂은 kkojeun | |||
| Present | 꽂는 kkonneun | ||||
| Future | 꽂을 kkojeul | ||||
| Sentence-final forms with honorific | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Formal non-polite (해라체) |
Informal non-polite (해체) |
Informal polite (해요체) |
Formal polite (하십시오체) | ||
| Indicative | Non-past | 꽂으신다 kkojeusinda |
꽂으셔 kkojeusyeo |
꽂으세요, 꽂으셔요 kkojeuseyo, kkojeusyeoyo |
꽂으십니다 kkojeusimnida |
| Past | 꽂으셨다 kkojeusyeotda |
꽂으셨어 kkojeusyeosseo |
꽂으셨어요 kkojeusyeosseoyo |
꽂으셨습니다 kkojeusyeotseumnida | |
| Interrogative | Non-past | 꽂으시느냐 kkojeusineunya |
꽂으셔 kkojeusyeo |
꽂으세요, 꽂으셔요 kkojeuseyo, kkojeusyeoyo |
꽂으십니까 kkojeusimnikka |
| Past | 꽂으셨느냐 kkojeusyeonneunya |
꽂으셨어 kkojeusyeosseo |
꽂으셨어요 kkojeusyeosseoyo |
꽂으셨습니까 kkojeusyeotseumnikka | |
| Imperative | 꽂으시라 kkojeusira | 꽂으셔 kkojeusyeo | 꽂으세요 kkojeuseyo | 꽂으십시오 kkojeusipsio | |
| Assertive | 꽂으시겠다 kkojeusigetda | 꽂으시겠어 kkojeusigesseo | 꽂으시겠어요 kkojeusigesseoyo | 꽂으시겠습니다 kkojeusigetseumnida | |
| Connective forms with honorific | |||||
| Cause/Reason | 꽂으셔 kkojeusyeo | 꽂으셔서 kkojeusyeoseo | 꽂으시니 kkojeusini | 꽂으시니까 kkojeusinikka | |
| Contrast | 꽂으시지만 kkojeusijiman | 꽂으시는데 kkojeusineunde | 꽂으시더니 kkojeusideoni | ||
| Conjunction | 꽂으시고 kkojeusigo | ||||
| Condition | 꽂으시면 kkojeusimyeon | 꽂으셔야 kkojeusyeoya | |||
| Motive | 꽂으시려고 kkojeusiryeogo | ||||
| Noun and determiner forms with honorific | |||||
| Verbal nouns | 꽂으심 kkojeusim | 꽂으시기 kkojeusigi | |||
| Past-tense verbal nouns | 꽂으셨음 kkojeusyeosseum | 꽂으셨기 kkojeusyeotgi | |||
| Determiners | Past | 꽂으신 kkojeusin | |||
| Present | 꽂으시는 kkojeusineun | ||||
| Future | 꽂으실 kkojeusil | ||||
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