근면하다
Korean
Etymology
근면(勤勉) (geunmyeon) + 하다 (-hada, “to do”, light verb deriving adjectives).
Pronunciation
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [ˈkɯ(ː)nmjʌ̹nɦa̠da̠]
- Phonetic hangul: [근(ː)면하다]
- Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.
| Romanizations | |
|---|---|
| Revised Romanization? | geunmyeonhada |
| Revised Romanization (translit.)? | geunmyeonhada |
| McCune–Reischauer? | kŭnmyŏnhada |
| Yale Romanization? | kūnmyen.hata |
Adjective
근면하다 • (geunmyeonhada) (infinitive 근면해 or 근면하여, sequential 근면하니)
- (to be) diligent, industrious, hardworking
Conjugation
Selected forms of the adjective 근면하다 (geunmyeonhada): vowel-stem, 하(ha)-irregular
| Sentence-final forms | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Formal non-polite (해라체) |
Informal non-polite (해체) |
Informal polite (해요체) |
Formal polite (하십시오체) | ||
| Indicative | Non-past | 근면하다 geunmyeonhada |
근면해 geunmyeonhae |
근면해요 geunmyeonhaeyo |
근면합니다 geunmyeonhamnida |
| Past | 근면했다 geunmyeonhaetda |
근면했어 geunmyeonhaesseo |
근면했어요 geunmyeonhaesseoyo |
근면했습니다 geunmyeonhaetseumnida | |
| Interrogative | Non-past | 근면하냐 geunmyeonhanya |
근면해 geunmyeonhae |
근면해요 geunmyeonhaeyo |
근면합니까 geunmyeonhamnikka |
| Past | 근면했냐 geunmyeonhaennya |
근면했어 geunmyeonhaesseo |
근면했어요 geunmyeonhaesseoyo |
근면했습니까 geunmyeonhaetseumnikka | |
| Assertive | 근면하겠다 geunmyeonhagetda | 근면하겠어 geunmyeonhagesseo | 근면하겠어요 geunmyeonhagesseoyo | 근면하겠습니다 geunmyeonhagetseumnida | |
| Connective forms | |||||
| Cause/Reason | 근면해 geunmyeonhae | 근면해서, 근면하여서 geunmyeonhaeseo, geunmyeonhayeoseo | 근면하니 geunmyeonhani | 근면하니까 geunmyeonhanikka | |
| Contrast | 근면하지만 geunmyeonhajiman | 근면한데 geunmyeonhande | 근면하더니 geunmyeonhadeoni | ||
| Conjunction | 근면하고 geunmyeonhago | ||||
| Condition | 근면하면 geunmyeonhamyeon | 근면해야, 근면하여야 geunmyeonhaeya, geunmyeonhayeoya | |||
| Noun and determiner forms | |||||
| Verbal nouns | 근면함 geunmyeonham | 근면하기 geunmyeonhagi | |||
| Past-tense verbal nouns | 근면했음, 근면하였음 geunmyeonhaesseum, geunmyeonhayeosseum | 근면했기, 근면하였기 geunmyeonhaetgi, geunmyeonhayeotgi | |||
| Determiners | Present | 근면한 geunmyeonhan | |||
| Future | 근면할 geunmyeonhal | ||||
| Sentence-final forms with honorific | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Plain (해라체) | Informal (해체) | Polite (해요체) | Formal (하십시오체) | ||
| Indicative | Non-past | 근면하시다 geunmyeonhasida |
근면하셔 geunmyeonhasyeo |
근면하세요, 근면하셔요 geunmyeonhaseyo, geunmyeonhasyeoyo |
근면하십니다 geunmyeonhasimnida |
| Past | 근면하셨다 geunmyeonhasyeotda |
근면하셨어 geunmyeonhasyeosseo |
근면하셨어요 geunmyeonhasyeosseoyo |
근면하셨습니다 geunmyeonhasyeotseumnida | |
| Interrogative | Non-past | 근면하시냐 geunmyeonhasinya |
근면하셔 geunmyeonhasyeo |
근면하세요, 근면하셔요 geunmyeonhaseyo, geunmyeonhasyeoyo |
근면하십니까 geunmyeonhasimnikka |
| Past | 근면하셨냐 geunmyeonhasyeonnya |
근면하셨어 geunmyeonhasyeosseo |
근면하셨어요 geunmyeonhasyeosseoyo |
근면하셨습니까 geunmyeonhasyeotseumnikka | |
| Assertive | 근면하시겠다 geunmyeonhasigetda | 근면하시겠어 geunmyeonhasigesseo | 근면하시겠어요 geunmyeonhasigesseoyo | 근면하시겠습니다 geunmyeonhasigetseumnida | |
| Connective forms with honorific | |||||
| Cause/Reason | 근면하셔 geunmyeonhasyeo | 근면하셔서 geunmyeonhasyeoseo | 근면하시니 geunmyeonhasini | 근면하시니까 geunmyeonhasinikka | |
| Contrast | 근면하시지만 geunmyeonhasijiman | 근면하신데 geunmyeonhasinde | 근면하시더니 geunmyeonhasideoni | ||
| Conjunction | 근면하시고 geunmyeonhasigo | ||||
| Condition | 근면하시면 geunmyeonhasimyeon | 근면하셔야 geunmyeonhasyeoya | |||
| Noun and determiner forms with honorific | |||||
| Verbal nouns | 근면하심 geunmyeonhasim | 근면하시기 geunmyeonhasigi | |||
| Past-tense verbal nouns | 근면하셨음 geunmyeonhasyeosseum | 근면하셨기 geunmyeonhasyeotgi | |||
| Determiners | Present | 근면하신 geunmyeonhasin | |||
| Future | 근면하실 geunmyeonhasil | ||||
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