겨루다

Korean

Etymology

First attested in the Bullyu dugongbu si eonhae (分類杜工部詩諺解 / 분류두공부시언해), 1481, as Middle Korean 겨루다 (Yale: kyelwuta).

Pronunciation

(SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [kjʌ̹ɾuda̠]
Phonetic hangul: [겨루다]

Romanizations
Revised Romanization^?	gyeoruda
Revised Romanization (translit.)^?	gyeoluda
McCune–Reischauer^?	kyŏruda
Yale Romanization^?	kyelwuta

Verb

겨루다 • (gyeoruda) (infinitive 겨루어 or 겨뤄, sequential 겨루니)

(transitive or intransitive) to compete (with), to pit (one's skills against)

Conjugation

Selected forms of the verb 겨루다 (gyeoruda): vowel-stem, regular

Sentence-final forms
		Formal non-polite (해라체)	Informal non-polite (해체)	Informal polite (해요체)	Formal polite (하십시오체)
Indicative	Non-past	겨룬다 gyeorunda	겨루어 gyeorueo	겨루어요, 겨뤄요 gyeorueoyo, gyeorwoyo	겨룹니다 gyeorumnida
Indicative	Past	겨루었다 gyeorueotda	겨루었어 gyeorueosseo	겨루었어요 gyeorueosseoyo	겨루었습니다 gyeorueotseumnida
Interrogative	Non-past	겨루느냐 gyeoruneunya	겨루어 gyeorueo	겨루어요, 겨뤄요 gyeorueoyo, gyeorwoyo	겨룹니까 gyeorumnikka
Interrogative	Past	겨루었느냐 gyeorueonneunya	겨루었어 gyeorueosseo	겨루었어요 gyeorueosseoyo	겨루었습니까 gyeorueotseumnikka
Hortative		겨루자 gyeoruja	겨루어 gyeorueo	겨루어요, 겨뤄요 gyeorueoyo, gyeorwoyo	겨루십시다 gyeorusipsida
Imperative		겨루어라, 겨뤄라 gyeorueora, gyeorwora	겨루어 gyeorueo	겨루어요, 겨뤄요 gyeorueoyo, gyeorwoyo	겨룹시오 gyeorupsio
Assertive		겨루겠다 gyeorugetda	겨루겠어 gyeorugesseo	겨루겠어요 gyeorugesseoyo	겨루겠습니다 gyeorugetseumnida
Connective forms
Cause/Reason		겨루어 gyeorueo	겨루어서, 겨뤄서 gyeorueoseo, gyeorwoseo	겨루니 gyeoruni	겨루니까 gyeorunikka
Contrast		겨루지만 gyeorujiman	겨루는데 gyeoruneunde	겨루더니 gyeorudeoni
Conjunction		겨루고 gyeorugo
Condition		겨루면 gyeorumyeon	겨루어야, 겨뤄야 gyeorueoya, gyeorwoya
Motive		겨루려고 gyeoruryeogo
Noun and determiner forms
Verbal nouns		겨룸 gyeorum	겨루기 gyeorugi
Past-tense verbal nouns		겨루었음, 겨뤘음 gyeorueosseum, gyeorwosseum	겨루었기, 겨뤘기 gyeorueotgi, gyeorwotgi
Determiners	Past	겨룬 gyeorun
	Present	겨루는 gyeoruneun
	Future	겨룰 gyeorul

Sentence-final forms with honorific
		Formal non-polite (해라체)	Informal non-polite (해체)	Informal polite (해요체)	Formal polite (하십시오체)
Indicative	Non-past	겨루신다 gyeorusinda	겨루셔 gyeorusyeo	겨루세요, 겨루셔요 gyeoruseyo, gyeorusyeoyo	겨루십니다 gyeorusimnida
Indicative	Past	겨루셨다 gyeorusyeotda	겨루셨어 gyeorusyeosseo	겨루셨어요 gyeorusyeosseoyo	겨루셨습니다 gyeorusyeotseumnida
Interrogative	Non-past	겨루시느냐 gyeorusineunya	겨루셔 gyeorusyeo	겨루세요, 겨루셔요 gyeoruseyo, gyeorusyeoyo	겨루십니까 gyeorusimnikka
Interrogative	Past	겨루셨느냐 gyeorusyeonneunya	겨루셨어 gyeorusyeosseo	겨루셨어요 gyeorusyeosseoyo	겨루셨습니까 gyeorusyeotseumnikka
Imperative		겨루시라 gyeorusira	겨루셔 gyeorusyeo	겨루세요 gyeoruseyo	겨루십시오 gyeorusipsio
Assertive		겨루시겠다 gyeorusigetda	겨루시겠어 gyeorusigesseo	겨루시겠어요 gyeorusigesseoyo	겨루시겠습니다 gyeorusigetseumnida
Connective forms with honorific
Cause/Reason		겨루셔 gyeorusyeo	겨루셔서 gyeorusyeoseo	겨루시니 gyeorusini	겨루시니까 gyeorusinikka
Contrast		겨루시지만 gyeorusijiman	겨루시는데 gyeorusineunde	겨루시더니 gyeorusideoni
Conjunction		겨루시고 gyeorusigo
Condition		겨루시면 gyeorusimyeon	겨루셔야 gyeorusyeoya
Motive		겨루시려고 gyeorusiryeogo
Noun and determiner forms with honorific
Verbal nouns		겨루심 gyeorusim	겨루시기 gyeorusigi
Past-tense verbal nouns		겨루셨음 gyeorusyeosseum	겨루셨기 gyeorusyeotgi
Determiners	Past	겨루신 gyeorusin
	Present	겨루시는 gyeorusineun
	Future	겨루실 gyeorusil

Derived terms

(noun) 겨룸 (gyeorum), 겨루기 (gyeorugi)

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