가볍다
Korean
Etymology
First attested in the Hunminjeong'eum eonhae (訓民正音諺解本 / 훈민정음언해본), 1446, as Middle Korean 가ᄇᆡ〮얍다〮 (Yale: kàpóyyàptá). Also attested in the Beonyeok sohak (飜譯小學 / 번역소학), 1517, as Middle Korean 가븨얍다 (Yale: kapuyyapta).
Pronunciation
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [ka̠bjʌ̹p̚t͈a̠]
- Phonetic hangul: [가볍따]
| Romanizations | |
|---|---|
| Revised Romanization? | gabyeopda |
| Revised Romanization (translit.)? | gabyeobda |
| McCune–Reischauer? | kabyŏpta |
| Yale Romanization? | kapyepta |
Conjugation
Selected forms of the adjective 가볍다 (gabyeopda): consonant-stem, ㅂ(b)-irregular
| Sentence-final forms | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Formal non-polite (해라체) |
Informal non-polite (해체) |
Informal polite (해요체) |
Formal polite (하십시오체) | ||
| Indicative | Non-past | 가볍다 gabyeopda |
가벼워 gabyeowo |
가벼워요 gabyeowoyo |
가볍습니다 gabyeopseumnida |
| Past | 가벼웠다 gabyeowotda |
가벼웠어 gabyeowosseo |
가벼웠어요 gabyeowosseoyo |
가벼웠습니다 gabyeowotseumnida | |
| Interrogative | Non-past | 가벼우냐 gabyeounya |
가벼워 gabyeowo |
가벼워요 gabyeowoyo |
가볍습니까 gabyeopseumnikka |
| Past | 가벼웠냐 gabyeowonnya |
가벼웠어 gabyeowosseo |
가벼웠어요 gabyeowosseoyo |
가벼웠습니까 gabyeowotseumnikka | |
| Assertive | 가볍겠다 gabyeopgetda | 가볍겠어 gabyeopgesseo | 가볍겠어요 gabyeopgesseoyo | 가볍겠습니다 gabyeopgetseumnida | |
| Connective forms | |||||
| Cause/Reason | 가벼워 gabyeowo | 가벼워서 gabyeowoseo | 가벼우니 gabyeouni | 가벼우니까 gabyeounikka | |
| Contrast | 가볍지만 gabyeopjiman | 가벼운데 gabyeounde | 가볍더니 gabyeopdeoni | ||
| Conjunction | 가볍고 gabyeopgo | ||||
| Condition | 가벼우면 gabyeoumyeon | 가벼워야 gabyeowoya | |||
| Noun and determiner forms | |||||
| Verbal nouns | 가벼움 gabyeoum | 가볍기 gabyeopgi | |||
| Past-tense verbal nouns | 가벼웠음 gabyeowosseum | 가벼웠기 gabyeowotgi | |||
| Determiners | Present | 가벼운 gabyeoun | |||
| Future | 가벼울 gabyeoul | ||||
| Sentence-final forms with honorific | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Plain (해라체) | Informal (해체) | Polite (해요체) | Formal (하십시오체) | ||
| Indicative | Non-past | 가벼우시다 gabyeousida |
가벼우셔 gabyeousyeo |
가벼우세요, 가벼우셔요 gabyeouseyo, gabyeousyeoyo |
가벼우십니다 gabyeousimnida |
| Past | 가벼우셨다 gabyeousyeotda |
가벼우셨어 gabyeousyeosseo |
가벼우셨어요 gabyeousyeosseoyo |
가벼우셨습니다 gabyeousyeotseumnida | |
| Interrogative | Non-past | 가벼우시냐 gabyeousinya |
가벼우셔 gabyeousyeo |
가벼우세요, 가벼우셔요 gabyeouseyo, gabyeousyeoyo |
가벼우십니까 gabyeousimnikka |
| Past | 가벼우셨냐 gabyeousyeonnya |
가벼우셨어 gabyeousyeosseo |
가벼우셨어요 gabyeousyeosseoyo |
가벼우셨습니까 gabyeousyeotseumnikka | |
| Assertive | 가벼우시겠다 gabyeousigetda | 가벼우시겠어 gabyeousigesseo | 가벼우시겠어요 gabyeousigesseoyo | 가벼우시겠습니다 gabyeousigetseumnida | |
| Connective forms with honorific | |||||
| Cause/Reason | 가벼우셔 gabyeousyeo | 가벼우셔서 gabyeousyeoseo | 가벼우시니 gabyeousini | 가벼우시니까 gabyeousinikka | |
| Contrast | 가벼우시지만 gabyeousijiman | 가벼우신데 gabyeousinde | 가벼우시더니 gabyeousideoni | ||
| Conjunction | 가벼우시고 gabyeousigo | ||||
| Condition | 가벼우시면 gabyeousimyeon | 가벼우셔야 gabyeousyeoya | |||
| Noun and determiner forms with honorific | |||||
| Verbal nouns | 가벼우심 gabyeousim | 가벼우시기 gabyeousigi | |||
| Past-tense verbal nouns | 가벼우셨음 gabyeousyeosseum | 가벼우셨기 gabyeousyeotgi | |||
| Determiners | Present | 가벼우신 gabyeousin | |||
| Future | 가벼우실 gabyeousil | ||||
Antonyms
- 무겁다 (mugeopda)
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