가르다

Korean

Etymology

First attested in the Worin cheon'gangjigok (月印千江之曲 / 월인천강지곡), 1449, as Middle Korean 가ᄅᆞ다 (Yale: kalo-ta).

This word is part of a family of related terms with a core meaning of "split". The ancestral root form appears to have been *가ᄃᆞ *kato- or similar, with some forms undergoing intervocalic lenition and some not. Related forms include 갈래 (gallae, “strand, fork, division”), 가달 (gadal, “something split from each other”), 가닥 (gadak, “strand, long thin object”), and 가락 (garak, “spindle, strand”).

Pronunciation

(SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [ka̠ɾɯda̠]
Phonetic hangul: [가르다]

Romanizations
Revised Romanization^?	gareuda
Revised Romanization (translit.)^?	galeuda
McCune–Reischauer^?	karŭda
Yale Romanization^?	kaluta

Verb

Korean verb set
Base	가르다 (gareuda)
Passive	갈리다 (gallida)

가르다 • (gareuda) (infinitive 갈라, sequential 가르니) (transitive)

to divide, to separate
to cut / slice through; to cleave
to make the difference between defeat and victory

Conjugation

Selected forms of the verb 가르다 (gareuda): vowel-stem, 르(reu)-irregular

Sentence-final forms
		Formal non-polite (해라체)	Informal non-polite (해체)	Informal polite (해요체)	Formal polite (하십시오체)
Indicative	Non-past	가른다 gareunda	갈라 galla	갈라요 gallayo	가릅니다 gareumnida
Indicative	Past	갈랐다 gallatda	갈랐어 gallasseo	갈랐어요 gallasseoyo	갈랐습니다 gallatseumnida
Interrogative	Non-past	가르느냐 gareuneunya	갈라 galla	갈라요 gallayo	가릅니까 gareumnikka
Interrogative	Past	갈랐느냐 gallanneunya	갈랐어 gallasseo	갈랐어요 gallasseoyo	갈랐습니까 gallatseumnikka
Hortative		가르자 gareuja	갈라 galla	갈라요 gallayo	가르십시다 gareusipsida
Imperative		갈라라 gallara	갈라 galla	갈라요 gallayo	가릅시오 gareupsio
Assertive		가르겠다 gareugetda	가르겠어 gareugesseo	가르겠어요 gareugesseoyo	가르겠습니다 gareugetseumnida
Connective forms
Cause/Reason		갈라 galla	갈라서 gallaseo	가르니 gareuni	가르니까 gareunikka
Contrast		가르지만 gareujiman	가르는데 gareuneunde	가르더니 gareudeoni
Conjunction		가르고 gareugo
Condition		가르면 gareumyeon	갈라야 gallaya
Motive		가르려고 gareuryeogo
Noun and determiner forms
Verbal nouns		가름 gareum	가르기 gareugi
Past-tense verbal nouns		갈랐음 gallasseum	갈랐기 gallatgi
Determiners	Past	가른 gareun
	Present	가르는 gareuneun
	Future	가를 gareul

Sentence-final forms with honorific
		Formal non-polite (해라체)	Informal non-polite (해체)	Informal polite (해요체)	Formal polite (하십시오체)
Indicative	Non-past	가르신다 gareusinda	가르셔 gareusyeo	가르세요, 가르셔요 gareuseyo, gareusyeoyo	가르십니다 gareusimnida
Indicative	Past	가르셨다 gareusyeotda	가르셨어 gareusyeosseo	가르셨어요 gareusyeosseoyo	가르셨습니다 gareusyeotseumnida
Interrogative	Non-past	가르시느냐 gareusineunya	가르셔 gareusyeo	가르세요, 가르셔요 gareuseyo, gareusyeoyo	가르십니까 gareusimnikka
Interrogative	Past	가르셨느냐 gareusyeonneunya	가르셨어 gareusyeosseo	가르셨어요 gareusyeosseoyo	가르셨습니까 gareusyeotseumnikka
Imperative		가르시라 gareusira	가르셔 gareusyeo	가르세요 gareuseyo	가르십시오 gareusipsio
Assertive		가르시겠다 gareusigetda	가르시겠어 gareusigesseo	가르시겠어요 gareusigesseoyo	가르시겠습니다 gareusigetseumnida
Connective forms with honorific
Cause/Reason		가르셔 gareusyeo	가르셔서 gareusyeoseo	가르시니 gareusini	가르시니까 gareusinikka
Contrast		가르시지만 gareusijiman	가르시는데 gareusineunde	가르시더니 gareusideoni
Conjunction		가르시고 gareusigo
Condition		가르시면 gareusimyeon	가르셔야 gareusyeoya
Motive		가르시려고 gareusiryeogo
Noun and determiner forms with honorific
Verbal nouns		가르심 gareusim	가르시기 gareusigi
Past-tense verbal nouns		가르셨음 gareusyeosseum	가르셨기 gareusyeotgi
Determiners	Past	가르신 gareusin
	Present	가르시는 gareusineun
	Future	가르실 gareusil

Derived terms

갈라내다 (gallanaeda)
갈라놓다 (gallanota)
갈라땋다 (gallattata)
갈라붙이다 (gallabuchida)
갈라서다 (gallaseoda)
갈라지다 (gallajida)
헤가르다 (hegareuda)

This article is issued from Wiktionary. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.