ꜣb

Egyptian

Related to ꜣbb (“to separate from”).

2-lit.

(intransitive) to stop, to take a break [since Middle Kingdom literature]
(transitive, with an infinitive; in the Greco-Roman Period, with r, m, or n and an infinitive) to cease or stop (doing something)
(transitive) to avoid
(transitive with ḥr) to tarry or stay for a while with (someone)
(transitive with r) to part with, to separate from [Late Period to Greco-Roman Period]

Conjugation of ꜣb (biliteral / 2-lit. / 2rad.) — base stem: ꜣb, geminated stem: ꜣbb

infinitival forms			imperative
infinitive	negatival complement	complementary infinitive¹	singular	plural
ꜣb	ꜣbw, ꜣb	ꜣbt	ꜣb, j.ꜣb	ꜣb, j.ꜣb

‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem	periphrastic imperfective²		periphrastic prospective²
ꜣb	ḥr ꜣb	m ꜣb	r ꜣb

verbal adjectives
aspect / mood	relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms		participles
aspect / mood	active	passive	active	passive
perfect	ꜣb.n	active + .tj¹, .tw²	—	—
perfective	ꜣb	active + .tj¹, .tw²	ꜣb	ꜣbb, ꜣbbj⁶, ꜣb², ꜣbw^{2 5}, ꜣby^{2 5}
imperfective	j.ꜣb¹, ꜣb, ꜣby, ꜣbw⁵	active + .tj¹, .tw²	j.ꜣb¹, j.ꜣbw^{1 5}, ꜣb, ꜣbj⁶, ꜣby⁶	ꜣb, ꜣbw⁵
prospective	ꜣb, ꜣbtj⁷	—	ꜣbtj⁴, ꜣbt⁴
Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian. Used mostly since Middle Egyptian. Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective. Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn. Only in the masculine singular. Only in the masculine. Only in the feminine.

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of ꜣb

ꜣb

ꜣbj

ꜣb

[New Kingdom]

[Greco-Roman Period]

Likely related to ꜣbw (“elephant, ivory, tusk”).

m

Declension of ꜣb (masculine)

Demotic: yb
- Akhmimic Coptic: ⲉⲓⲃ (eib), ⲓⲉⲓⲃ (ieib)
- Bohairic Coptic: ⲓⲉⲃ (ieb), ⲓⲏⲃ (iēb)
- Fayyumic Coptic: ⲓϥ (if)
- Sahidic Coptic: ⲉⲓⲃ (eib), ⲉⲓⲉⲓⲃ (eieib), ⲉⲓⲉⲃ (eieb)

Faulkner, Raymond Oliver (1962) A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian, Oxford: Griffith Institute, →ISBN, page 2
Erman, Adolf, Grapow, Hermann (1926) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache‎, volume 1, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN, pages 6.2–6.8, 7.21
Wilson, Penelope (1991) A Lexicographical Study of the Ptolemaic Texts in the Temple of Edfu, Liverpool: University of Liverpool, pages 7–9
James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 272.
Crum, Walter E. (1939) A Coptic Dictionary‎, Oxford: Clarendon Press, →ISBN, page 76

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