馳走

Japanese
Kanji in this term
馳 走
ち
Jinmeiyō		 そう
Grade: 2
kan’on

Etymology

Uncertain. May be from unattested Middle Chinese 馳走 (MC drje tsuwX|tsuwH, “rushing, galloping + running”), or may have been coined in Japanese from Middle Chinese-derived roots as a compound of 馳 (chi, “hurrying, rushing”) +‎ 走 (sō, “running”). Compare Korean 치주 (chiju, “running and going”).

First attested in a text from 1096.[1]

Pronunciation

Noun

馳(ち)走(そう) • (chisō) 

  1. [from 1096] (archaic) running around
    Synonyms: 奔走 (honsō), 走り回り (hashiri-mawari)
  2. [from 1114] (archaic) (by extension, from running around for someone else) looking after someone or something, taking care of someone or something
    Synonym: 世話 (sewa)
  3. [from circa 1608] (by extension, from running around making preparations) hospitality, particularly: an entertainment, a banquet, a feast, treating someone to a meal
    ご馳走様(ちそうさま)でした
    go-chisō-sama deshita
    it was delicious (a stock phrase required by Japanese etiquette, literally “it was a feast”)

Verb

馳(ち)走(そう)する • (chisō suru) suru (stem 馳(ち)走(そう)し (chisō shi), past 馳(ち)走(そう)した (chisō shita))

  1. [from 1096] (archaic) to run around
    Synonyms: 奔走する (honsō suru), 走り回る (hashiri-mawaru)
  2. [from 1114] (archaic) (by extension, from running around for someone else) to look after someone or something, to take care of someone or something
    Synonyms: 世話をする (sewa o suru), 面倒を見る (mendō o miru)
  3. [from circa 1608] (by extension, from running around making preparations) to provide entertainment, to host a banquet or feast, to treat someone to a meal
    馳(ち)走(そう)されてありがとう。
    Chisō sarete arigatō.
    Thanks for treating me (to a meal).

Conjugation
Conjugation of "馳走する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective") 馳走し ちそうし chisō shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") 馳走し ちそうし chisō shi
Shūshikei ("terminal") 馳走する ちそうする chisō suru
Rentaikei ("attributive") 馳走する ちそうする chisō suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical") 馳走すれ ちそうすれ chisō sure
Meireikei ("imperative") 馳走せよ¹
馳走しろ²		 ちそうせよ¹
ちそうしろ²		 chisō seyo¹
chisō shiro²
Key constructions
Passive 馳走される ちそうされる chisō sareru
Causative 馳走させる
馳走さす		 ちそうさせる
ちそうさす		 chisō saseru
chisō sasu
Potential 馳走できる ちそうできる chisō dekiru
Volitional 馳走しよう ちそうしよう chisō shiyō
Negative 馳走しない ちそうしない chisō shinai
Negative continuative 馳走せず ちそうせず chisō sezu
Formal 馳走します ちそうします chisō shimasu
Perfective 馳走した ちそうした chisō shita
Conjunctive 馳走して ちそうして chisō shite
Hypothetical conditional 馳走すれば ちそうすれば chisō sureba
¹ Written imperative

² Spoken imperative

References
  1. Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  2. Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  3. NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN
  4. Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
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