難堪

See also: 难堪

Chinese

		disaster; distress; to scold disaster; distress; to scold; difficult (to...); problem; difficulty; difficult; not good	endure
trad. (難堪)		難	堪
simp. (难堪)		难	堪

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): nánkān

(Zhuyin): ㄋㄢˊ ㄎㄢ
Cantonese (Jyutping): naan⁴ ham¹
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): lân-kham

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: nánkān
  - Zhuyin: ㄋㄢˊ ㄎㄢ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: nánkan
  - Wade–Giles: nan²-kʻan¹
  - Yale: nán-kān
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: nankan
  - Palladius: нанькань (nanʹkanʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /nän³⁵ kʰän⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: naan⁴ ham¹
  - Yale: nàahn hām
  - Cantonese Pinyin: naan⁴ ham¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: nan⁴ hem¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /naːn²¹ hɐm⁵⁵/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lân-kham
  - Tâi-lô: lân-kham
  - Phofsit Daibuun: lanqafm
  - IPA (Xiamen): /lan²⁴⁻²² kʰam⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /lan²⁴⁻²² kʰam³³/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /lan¹³⁻²² kʰam⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Taipei): /lan²⁴⁻¹¹ kʰam⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /lan²³⁻³³ kʰam⁴⁴/

Middle Chinese: nan khom

Rime
Character	難	堪
Reading #	1/2	1/1
Initial (聲)	泥 (8)	溪 (29)
Final (韻)	寒 (61)	覃 (159)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	I	I
Fanqie	那干切	口含切
Baxter	nan	khom
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/nɑn/	/kʰʌm/
Pan Wuyun	/nɑn/	/kʰəm/
Shao Rongfen	/nɑn/	/kʰɒm/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/nan/	/kʰəm/
Li Rong	/nɑn/	/kʰᴀm/
Wang Li	/nɑn/	/kʰɒm/
Bernard Karlgren	/nɑn/	/kʰăm/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	nán	kān
Expected Cantonese Reflex	naan⁴	ham¹

Verb

難堪

to be hard to take; to be difficult to endure

Adjective

難堪

Synonyms

(embarrassing): 尷尬／尴尬 (gāngà), 困窘 (kùnjiǒng), 狼狽／狼狈 (lángbèi), 為難／为难 (wéinán)

Korean

Hanja in this term
難	堪

Noun

難堪 • (nan'gam) (hangeul 난감)

Hanja form^? of 난감.

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