迫る

Japanese

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
せま
Grade: S
kun’yomi
Alternative spelling
逼る

Cognate with ()める (semeru), ()める (semeru), (せば)める (sebameru), (せば)まる (sebamaru), and (せま) (semai).

Pronunciation

  • Tokyo pitch accent of conjugated forms of "迫る"
Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary
Stem forms
Terminal (終止形)
Attributive (連体形)
迫る [sèmáꜜrù]
Imperative (命令形) 迫れ [sèmáꜜrè]
Key constructions
Passive 迫られる まられ [sèmáráréꜜrù]
Causative 迫らせる まらせ [sèmáráséꜜrù]
Potential 迫れる まれ [sèmáréꜜrù]
Volitional 迫ろう まろ [sèmáróꜜò]
Negative 迫らない まらない [sèmáráꜜnàì]
Negative perfective 迫らなかった まらなかった [sèmáráꜜnàkàttà]
Formal 迫ります まりま [sèmárímáꜜsù]
Perfective 迫った った [sèmáꜜttà]
Conjunctive 迫って って [sèmáꜜttè]
Hypothetical conditional 迫れば れば [sèmáꜜrèbà]

Verb

(せま) • (semaru) intransitive godan (stem (せま) (semari), past (せま)った (sematta))

  1. to approach, reduce spatial or temporal distance
    (せま)締切(しめきり)
    semaru shimekiri
    impending deadline
  2. to press, compel, urge
Conjugation

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term

Grade: S

Extended from the “approach” sense of (せま) (semaru).[3]

Pronunciation

Verb

() • (seru) transitive godan (stem () (seri), past ()った (setta))

  1. to urge, compel; to hurry (someone) along
Conjugation

References

  1. Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  2. NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN
  3. 迫る”, in デジタル大辞泉 [Digital Daijisen] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, updated roughly every four months
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