躊躇う

Japanese
Kanji in this term
躊 躇
ためら
Hyōgaiji Hyōgaiji
jukujikun

Etymology

Derived from verb ためる (tameru, “to correct, to train, to reform”, spelled variously in kanji as 矯める, 揉める, 撓める), as the 未然形 (mizenkei, “incomplete form”) tamera- + auxiliary verb ふ (fu, indicating repetition or ongoing state: modern verb ending う u): “to be in the act of correction, to make something stay corrected”.[1]

Orthographic borrowing from Chinese 躊躇／踌躇 (chóuchú).

Pronunciation
  • (Tokyo) ためら​う [tàméráꜜù] (Nakadaka – [3])[2]
  • IPA(key): [ta̠me̞ɾa̠ɯ̟ᵝ]
  • Tokyo pitch accent of conjugated forms of "ためらう"
Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary
Stem forms
Terminal (終止形)
Attributive (連体形)		 ためらう ためら​う [tàméráꜜù]
Imperative (命令形) ためらえ ためら​え [tàméráꜜè]
Key constructions
Passive ためらわれる ためらわれ​る [tàméráwáréꜜrù]
Causative ためらわせる ためらわせ​る [tàméráwáséꜜrù]
Potential - - -
Volitional ためらおう ためらお​ー [tàméráóꜜò]
Negative ためらわない ためらわ​ない [tàméráwáꜜnàì]
Negative perfective ためらわなかった ためらわ​なかった [tàméráwáꜜnàkàttà]
Formal ためらいます ためらいま​す [tàméráímáꜜsù]
Perfective ためらった ためら​った [tàméráꜜttà]
Conjunctive ためらって ためら​って [tàméráꜜttè]
Hypothetical conditional ためらえば ためら​えば [tàméráꜜèbà]

Verb

躊躇(ためら)う • (tamerau) ←ためらふ (tamerafu)?transitive godan (stem 躊躇(ためら)い (tamerai), past 躊躇(ためら)った (tameratta))

  1. to quell or restrain disordered emotions, such as due to high spirits or sadness: to calm one's feelings
  2. to ease or alleviate the symptoms of disease
  3. by extension from sense 1, to take the time to think things through calmly before making a decision: to ponder something, to consider something
  4. to calmly observe something

躊躇(ためら)う • (tamerau) ←ためらふ (tamerafu)?intransitive godan (stem 躊躇(ためら)い (tamerai), past 躊躇(ためら)った (tameratta))

  1. by extension from transitive sense 3, to hesitate, to be undecided, to waver

Usage notes

The intransitive sense of "to hesitate" appears to be the most common sense in modern Japanese.

Due to the complicated stroke order of the kanji, this word is often spelled in hiragana.

Conjugation
Conjugation of "躊躇う" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective") 躊躇わ ためらわ tamerawa
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") 躊躇い ためらい tamerai
Shūshikei ("terminal") 躊躇う ためらう tamerau
Rentaikei ("attributive") 躊躇う ためらう tamerau
Kateikei ("hypothetical") 躊躇え ためらえ tamerae
Meireikei ("imperative") 躊躇え ためらえ tamerae
Key constructions
Passive 躊躇われる ためらわれる tamerawareru
Causative 躊躇わせる
躊躇わす		 ためらわせる
ためらわす		 tamerawaseru
tamerawasu
Potential 躊躇える ためらえる tameraeru
Volitional 躊躇おう ためらおう tameraō
Negative 躊躇わない ためらわない tamerawanai
Negative continuative 躊躇わず ためらわず tamerawazu
Formal 躊躇います ためらいます tameraimasu
Perfective 躊躇った ためらった tameratta
Conjunctive 躊躇って ためらって tameratte
Hypothetical conditional 躊躇えば ためらえば tameraeba

Synonyms

Derived terms

References
  1. Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  2. Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
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