著しい

Japanese

Kanji in this term
いちじる
Grade: 6
kun’yomi
Alternative spelling
しい (kyūjitai)

Etymology

From (ichi-, very[1][2][3][4]) + 著し (shirushi, clear, obvious, conspicuous[2][3][5], a ku-adjective).

Attested in the Heian period[1][2] as a ku-adjective pronounced いちしるし (ichishirushi).[5] Since the Muromachi period, it became pronounced いちじるし (ichijirushi),[1][2] where the shirushi changes to jirushi as an instance of rendaku (連濁). Since around the Edo period,[1][3][5] it changed conjugation class and became a shiku-adjective.[2]

The modern form is from いちじるしき (ichijirushiki), the 連体形 (rentaikei, attributive form) of the Late Middle Japanese shiku-adjective いちじるし (ichijirushi), with the medial /-k-/ falling out.

Pronunciation

  • (Tokyo) ちじるし [ìchíjírúshíꜜì] (Nakadaka – [5])[1][4][6]
  • IPA(key): [it͡ɕiʑiɾɯ̟ᵝɕii]
  • Tokyo pitch accent of inflected forms of "著しい"
Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary
Stem forms
Continuative (連用形) 著しく ちじるしく
ちじるし
[ìchíjírúꜜshìkù]
[ìchíjírúshíꜜkù]
Terminal (終止形) 著しい ちじるし [ìchíjírúshíꜜì]
Attributive (連体形) 著しい ちじるし [ìchíjírúshíꜜì]
Key constructions
Informal negative 著しくない ちじるしくない
ちじるしくない
[ìchíjírúꜜshìkùnàì]
[ìchíjírúshíꜜkùnàì]
Informal past 著しかった ちじるしかった
ちじるしかった
[ìchíjírúꜜshìkàttà]
[ìchíjírúshíꜜkàttà]
Informal negative past 著しくなかった ちじるしくなかった
ちじるしくなかった
[ìchíjírúꜜshìkùnàkàttà]
[ìchíjírúshíꜜkùnàkàttà]
Formal 著しいです ちじるしいです [ìchíjírúshíꜜìdèsù]
Conjunctive 著しくて ちじるしくて
ちじるしくて
[ìchíjírúꜜshìkùtè]
[ìchíjírúshíꜜkùtè]
Conditional 著しければ ちじるしければ
ちじるしければ
[ìchíjírúꜜshìkèrèbà]
[ìchíjírúshíꜜkèrèbà]

Adjective

(いちじる)しい • (ichijirushii) -i (adverbial (いちじる)しく (ichijirushiku))

  1. significant, remarkable (having noticeable effect)

Inflection

References

  1. Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  2. Matsumura, Akira (1995) 大辞泉 [Daijisen] (in Japanese), First edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  3. Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典(新装版) [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  4. Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  5. Shinmura, Izuru, editor (1998), 広辞苑 [Kōjien] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tōkyō: Iwanami Shoten, →ISBN
  6. NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN
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