美しい

Japanese

Kanji in this term
うつく
Grade: 3
kun’yomi
Alternative spelling
愛しい (rare)

Etymology 1

From the 連体形 (rentaikei, attributive form) of Early Middle Japanese adjective 美し (utsukushi), with the medial /-k-/ falling out.

Pronunciation

  • (Tokyo) くし [ùtsúkúshíꜜì] (Nakadaka – [4])[1]
  • IPA(key): [ɯ̟ᵝt͡sɨ̥ᵝkɯ̟ᵝɕiː]
  • Tokyo pitch accent of inflected forms of "美しい"
Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary
Stem forms
Continuative (連用形) 美しく つくしく
つくし
[ùtsúkúꜜshìkù]
[ùtsúkúshíꜜkù]
Terminal (終止形) 美しい つくし [ùtsúkúshíꜜì]
Attributive (連体形) 美しい つくし [ùtsúkúshíꜜì]
Key constructions
Informal negative 美しくない つくしくない
つくしくない
[ùtsúkúꜜshìkùnàì]
[ùtsúkúshíꜜkùnàì]
Informal past 美しかった つくしかった
つくしかった
[ùtsúkúꜜshìkàttà]
[ùtsúkúshíꜜkàttà]
Informal negative past 美しくなかった つくしくなかった
つくしくなかった
[ùtsúkúꜜshìkùnàkàttà]
[ùtsúkúshíꜜkùnàkàttà]
Formal 美しいです つくしいです [ùtsúkúshíꜜìdèsù]
Conjunctive 美しくて つくしくて
つくしくて
[ùtsúkúꜜshìkùtè]
[ùtsúkúshíꜜkùtè]
Conditional 美しければ つくしければ
つくしければ
[ùtsúkúꜜshìkèrèbà]
[ùtsúkúshíꜜkèrèbà]

Adjective

(うつく)しい • (utsukushii) -i (adverbial (うつく)しく (utsukushiku))

  1. beautiful
    • 1999 July 22, “ハーピィ・レディ [Harpie Lady]”, in Vol.4, Konami:
      (ひと)(はね)のはえたけもの。(うつく)しく()(れい)()い、(するど)(こう)(げき)する。
      Hito ni hane no haeta kemono. Utsukushiku karei ni mai, surudoku kōgeki suru.
      A human-shaped beast with wings. Beautifully magnificent at dancing, but also nimble at attacking.
  2. (archaic, Classical Japanese) adorable, beloved
    Synonyms: いとしい (itoshii), 愛らしい (airashii), かわいい (kawaii)
Inflection
Synonyms
Antonyms

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
いつく
Grade: 3
kun’yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 美しい – see the following entry.
いつくしい
[adjective] [from 759] (rare, archaic) wondrous, miraculous, splendid, sublime
[adjective] [from early 1000s] (rare, archaic) dignified, solemn, stern, noble, refined
[adjective] [from 1420] (rare, archaic) beautiful, pretty
Alternative spelling
慈しい
(This term, 美しい, is an alternative spelling (rare) of the above term.)

References

  1. NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN
  • Ichiko, Teiji with Osamu Akiya, Taizō Sawai, Kazuo Tajima, Kazuo Tokuda (1989) Shin Nihon Koten Bungaku Taikei: Muromachi Monogatari Shū (Jō) (in Japanese), Iwanami Shoten, →ISBN, pages 291-309
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