究竟

Chinese

		after all; to investigate; to study carefully	unexpectedly; actually; to go so far as to unexpectedly; actually; to go so far as to; indeed
trad. (究竟)		究	竟
simp. ^#(究竟)		究	竟

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): jiūjìng, jiùjìng

(Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄡㄐㄧㄥˋ, ㄐㄧㄡˋ ㄐㄧㄥˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): gau³ ging²
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): kiù-kèng

(Teochew, Peng'im): giu³ gêng²
Wu (Wugniu)
- (Northern): ¹cieu-cin; ⁵cieu-cin

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, Mainland)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: jiūjìng
  - Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄡㄐㄧㄥˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jioujìng
  - Wade–Giles: chiu¹-ching⁴
  - Yale: jyōu-jìng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jioujinq
  - Palladius: цзюцзин (czjuczin)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕi̯oʊ̯⁵⁵ t͡ɕiŋ⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese, Taiwan)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: jiùjìng
  - Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄡˋ ㄐㄧㄥˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jiòujìng
  - Wade–Giles: chiu⁴-ching⁴
  - Yale: jyòu-jìng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jiowjinq
  - Palladius: цзюцзин (czjuczin)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕi̯oʊ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡ɕiŋ⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: gau³ ging²
  - Yale: gau gíng
  - Cantonese Pinyin: gau³ ging²
  - Guangdong Romanization: geo³ ging²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɐu̯³³ kɪŋ³⁵/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kiù-kèng
  - Tâi-lô: kiù-kìng
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kiuo'kexng
  - IPA (Xiamen): /kiu²¹⁻⁵³ kiɪŋ²¹/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kiu⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ kiɪŋ⁴¹/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /kiu²¹⁻⁵³ kiɪŋ²¹/
  - IPA (Taipei): /kiu¹¹⁻⁵³ kiɪŋ¹¹/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /kiu²¹⁻⁴¹ kiɪŋ²¹/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: giu³ gêng²
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kiù kéng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kiu²¹³⁻⁵⁵ keŋ⁵²⁻²¹/
Wu
- (Shanghai):
  - Wugniu: ¹cieu-cin; ⁵cieu-cin
  - MiniDict: cieu^平 cin; cieu^去 cin
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ¹jieu-jin; ²jieu-jin
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡ɕiɤ⁵⁵ t͡ɕin²¹/, /t͡ɕiɤ³³ t͡ɕin⁴⁴/

Middle Chinese: kjuwH kjaengH

Rime
Character	究	竟
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	見 (28)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	尤 (136)	庚 (111)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	居祐切	居慶切
Baxter	kjuwH	kjaengH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kɨu^H/	/kˠiæŋ^H/
Pan Wuyun	/kiu^H/	/kᵚiaŋ^H/
Shao Rongfen	/kiəu^H/	/kiaŋ^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kuw^H/	/kiajŋ^H/
Li Rong	/kiu^H/	/kiɐŋ^H/
Wang Li	/kĭəu^H/	/kĭɐŋ^H/
Bernard Karlgren	/ki̯ə̯u^H/	/ki̯ɐŋ^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	jiù	jìng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gau³	ging³

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[k](r)u(ʔ)-s [k]raŋʔ-s/

(Zhengzhang): /*kus kraŋs/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	究	竟
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	jiū	jìng
Middle Chinese	‹ kjuw^H ›	‹ kjæng^H ›
Old Chinese	/*[k](r)u(ʔ)-s/	/*[k]raŋʔ-s/
English	scrutinize; go to the end	end, in the end
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	究	竟
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	6942	6869
Phonetic component	九	竟
Rime group	幽	陽
Rime subdivision	1	0
Corresponding MC rime	救	敬
Old Chinese	/*kus/	/*kraŋs/

Verb

究竟

(literary) to go to the bottom of (a matter); to probe to the bottom
(literary) to finish; to be completed
(literary) to look into; to ascertain; to inquire into

Noun

究竟

result; outcome; ending; the whole story
(Buddhism) niṣṭhā; ultimate end; culmination

Synonyms

(the whole story):

事情經過／事情经过 (shìqíng jīngguò)
事由 (shìyóu)
原委 (yuánwěi)
委曲 (wěiqū)
始末 (shǐmò)
本末 (běnmò)
經過／经过 (jīngguò)

Derived terms

一探究竟
探個究竟／探个究竟
看個究竟／看个究竟
究竟說／究竟说

Adverb

究竟

after all; in the end; all in all
actually; exactly; are or are not

Synonyms

(after all):

到底 (dàodǐ)
畢竟／毕竟 (bìjìng)

(actually): 到底 (dàodǐ)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (究竟):

→ Korean: 구경(究竟) (gugyeong)

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