disaster | in confusion; disorderly | ||
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trad. (禍亂) | 禍 | 亂 | |
simp. (祸乱) | 祸 | 乱 |
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edit 禍亂/祸乱霍亂/霍乱 |
Rime | ||
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Character | 禍 | 亂 |
Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
Initial (聲) | 匣 (33) | 來 (37) |
Final (韻) | 戈 (95) | 桓 (62) |
Tone (調) | Rising (X) | Departing (H) |
Openness (開合) | Closed | Closed |
Division (等) | I | I |
Fanqie | 胡果切 | 郎段切 |
Baxter | hwaX | lwanH |
Reconstructions | ||
Zhengzhang Shangfang |
/ɦuɑX/ | /luɑnH/ |
Pan Wuyun |
/ɦuɑX/ | /lʷɑnH/ |
Shao Rongfen |
/ɣuɑX/ | /luɑnH/ |
Edwin Pulleyblank |
/ɦwaX/ | /lwanH/ |
Li Rong |
/ɣuɑX/ | /luɑnH/ |
Wang Li |
/ɣuɑX/ | /luɑnH/ |
Bernard Karlgren |
/ɣuɑX/ | /luɑnH/ |
Expected Mandarin Reflex |
huò | luàn |
Expected Cantonese Reflex |
wo6 | lyun6 |
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) | ||
---|---|---|
Character | 禍 | 亂 |
Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
Modern Beijing (Pinyin) |
huò | luàn |
Middle Chinese |
‹ hwaX › | ‹ lwanH › |
Old Chinese |
/*[ɡ]ʷˁajʔ/ | /*[r]ˁo[n]-s/ |
English | calamity | disorder, rebellion |
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; |
Zhengzhang system (2003) | ||
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Character | 禍 | 亂 |
Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
No. | 4375 | 8645 |
Phonetic component |
冎 | 亂 |
Rime group |
歌 | 元 |
Rime subdivision |
3 | 3 |
Corresponding MC rime |
禍 | 亂 |
Old Chinese |
/*ɡloːlʔ/ | /*roːns/ |