無窮

See also: 无穷

Chinese

		not have	exhausted; poor
trad. (無窮)		無	窮
simp. (无穷)		无	穷
anagram		窮無／穷无

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): wúqióng

(Zhuyin): ㄨˊ ㄑㄩㄥˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): mou⁴ kung⁴
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): bû-kiông
Wu (Wugniu)
- (Northern): ⁶wu-jion

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: wúqióng
  - Zhuyin: ㄨˊ ㄑㄩㄥˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: wúcyóng
  - Wade–Giles: wu²-chʻiung²
  - Yale: wú-chyúng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: wuchyong
  - Palladius: уцюн (ucjun)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /u³⁵ t͡ɕʰi̯ʊŋ³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: mou⁴ kung⁴
  - Yale: mòuh kùhng
  - Cantonese Pinyin: mou⁴ kung⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: mou⁴ kung⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /mou̯²¹ kʰʊŋ²¹/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bû-kiông
  - Tâi-lô: bû-kiông
  - Phofsit Daibuun: bu'kioong
  - IPA (Xiamen): /bu²⁴⁻²² kiɔŋ²⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /bu²⁴⁻²² kiɔŋ²⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /bu¹³⁻²² kiɔŋ¹³/
  - IPA (Taipei): /bu²⁴⁻¹¹ kiɔŋ²⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /bu²³⁻³³ kiɔŋ²³/
Wu
- (Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ⁶wu-jion
  - MiniDict: wu^去 jion
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³hhu-jjion
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ɦu²² d͡ʑioŋ⁴⁴/

Middle Chinese: mju gjuwng

Rime
Character	無	窮
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	明 (4)	群 (30)
Final (韻)	虞 (24)	東 (2)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	武夫切	渠弓切
Baxter	mju	gjuwng
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/mɨo/	/ɡɨuŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/mio/	/ɡiuŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/mio/	/ɡiuŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/muə̆/	/guwŋ/
Li Rong	/mio/	/ɡiuŋ/
Wang Li	/mĭu/	/ɡĭuŋ/
Bernard Karlgren	/mi̯u/	/gi̯uŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	wú	qióng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	mou⁴	kung⁴

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*ma m-[ɡ](r)uŋ/

(Zhengzhang): /*ma ɡuŋ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	無	窮
Reading #	1/3	2/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	wú	qióng
Middle Chinese	‹ mju ›	‹ gjuwng ›
Old Chinese	/*ma/	/*m-[ɡ](r)uŋ/
English	not have	exhaust
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	無	窮
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	13117	4145
Phonetic component	無	躬
Rime group	魚	終
Rime subdivision	0	0
Corresponding MC rime	無	窮
Old Chinese	/*ma/	/*ɡuŋ/

Verb

無窮

to be endless; to be boundless; to be inexhaustible
奧妙無窮／奥妙无穷 ― àomiào wúqióng ― to be inexhaustibly profound

道理無窮，學者先要不得有自足心。 [MSC, trad.]
道理无穷，学者先要不得有自足心。 [MSC, simp.]
Dàolǐ wúqióng, xuézhě xiān yàobudé yǒu zìzú xīn. [Pinyin]
Truth is infinite; a scholar cannot afford to have a complacent attitude.

Noun

無窮

infinity

Derived terms

其味無窮／其味无穷
其樂無窮／其乐无穷 (qílèwúqióng)
力大無窮／力大无穷
受益無窮／受益无穷
回味無窮／回味无穷 (huíwèiwúqióng)
妙用無窮／妙用无穷
後患無窮／后患无穷 (hòuhuànwúqióng)
永世無窮／永世无穷
永永無窮／永永无穷
無盡無窮／无尽无穷
無窮無盡／无穷无尽 (wúqióngwújìn)
無窮級數／无穷级数 (wúqióng jíshù)
無窮花／无穷花 (wúqiónghuā)
玄妙無窮／玄妙无穷
變化無窮／变化无穷
餘味無窮／余味无穷

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (無窮):

→ Japanese: 無(む)窮(きゅう) (mukyū)
→ Korean: 무궁(無窮) (mugung)
→ Vietnamese: vô cùng (無窮)

See also

無限／无限 (wúxiàn)
無盡／无尽 (wújìn)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
無	窮
む Grade: 4	きゅう Grade: S
on’yomi

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [mɯ̟ᵝkʲɨᵝː]

Noun

無(む)窮(きゅう) • (mukyū)

infinity

Korean

Hanja in this term
無	窮

Noun

無窮 • (mugung) (hangeul 무궁)

Hanja form^? of 무궁 (“infinity”).

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
無	窮

Adjective

無窮

chữ Hán form of vô cùng (“endless; infinity”).

Adverb

無窮

chữ Hán form of vô cùng (“ultimately”).

Noun

無窮

chữ Hán form of vô cùng (“infinity”).

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