式微

Chinese

(meaningless particle)
 
tiny; minute; clandestine
tiny; minute; clandestine; hide; elegant; exquisite
trad. (式微)
simp. #(式微)

Etymology

Rebracketing of 式微 (OC *hljɯɡ mɯl, “meaningless initial particle + to decline”) in a verse of the Classic of Poetry, poem 36 (《詩經·邶風·式微》):

式微式微 [Pre-Classical Chinese, trad.]
式微式微 [Pre-Classical Chinese, simp.]
From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11th – 7th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
Shì wēi shì wēi, hú bù guī? [Pinyin]
Reduced! Reduced! Why not return?

Pronunciation



Rime
Character
Reading # 1/1 1/1
Initial () (26) (4)
Final () (134) (21)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open Closed
Division () III III
Fanqie
Baxter syik mj+j
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/ɕɨk̚/ /mʉi/
Pan
Wuyun
/ɕɨk̚/ /mʷɨi/
Shao
Rongfen
/ɕiek̚/ /miuəi/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/ɕik̚/ /muj/
Li
Rong
/ɕiək̚/ /miuəi/
Wang
Li
/ɕĭək̚/ /mĭwəi/
Bernard
Karlgren
/ɕi̯ək̚/ /mwe̯i/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
shi wéi
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
sik1 mei4
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/2 2/2 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
shì shì wēi
Middle
Chinese
‹ syik › ‹ syik › ‹ mjɨj ›
Old
Chinese
/*l̥ək/ /*l̥ək/ /*məj/
English pattern to wipe small

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/1 1/1
No. 14980 12801
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
0 1
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*hljɯɡ/ /*mɯl/

Verb

式微

  1. (literary) to decline; to wane

Synonyms

Derived terms

  • 漸趨式微渐趋式微
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