常在

Chinese
 
always; ever; often
always; ever; often; frequently; common; general; constant
 
(located) at; in; exist
(located) at; in; exist; (before verbs) immediately involved in; right in the middle of doing
simp. and trad.
(常在)		 常 在
alternative forms 長在／长在 Hokkien
常哉 Hokkien

Etymology
"(Hokkien) often"
The first character has an irregular pronunciation in this word. The Taiwanese-Japanese Dictionary (1932) considers it to be borrowed from Mandarin. Along with John Macgowan's "English and Chinese Dictionary of the Amoy Dialect" (1883), they both interpret chhiâng-chāi as "constantly present", but modern dictionaries, such as 《台灣話大詞典》, assign siông-chāi to that sense.

Pronunciation

Note:
  • chhiâng-chāi — "often", obsolete for "to exist always";
  • chhêng-chāi — variant for "often".

    Verb

    常在

    1. to exist always; to be constantly present

    Noun

    常在

    1. (historical) first-class female attendant during the Qing dynasty

    Adverb

    常在

    1. (Zhangping and Taiwanese Hokkien) often; frequently; usually

    Synonyms
    Dialectal synonyms of 常常 (“often; frequently”) [map]
    Variety Location Words
    Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 經常, 時常, 常常, 時時, 往往, 每每
    Mandarin Beijing 常
    Taiwan 常常
    Harbin 時不見兒, 時不當, 時不當兒, 時不常, 時不常兒, 時不時
    Jinan 常常, 常, 時常
    Xi'an 常常, 常, 時常
    Wuhan 帶常, 時常
    Chengdu 時常, 常常, 隨時, 時不時
    Yangzhou 常
    Hefei 常
    Singapore 常常
    Cantonese Guangzhou 時時, 時常, 長時, 周時, 遇時, 時不時
    Hong Kong 成日, 經常, 時時, 好多時, 好多時候, 周時, 周不時
    Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou) 經常
    Yangjiang 周時
    Gan Nanchang 千常, 時常
    Hakka Meixian 輒常, 長時, 時常, 時不時
    Miaoli (N. Sixian) 輒輒, 輒常, 長透, 常常, 時常, 不時, 時時, 長間, 經常
    Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 輒輒, 輒常, 長透, 登常, 常常, 時常, 不時, 時時, 長間, 經常
    Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 輒輒, 輒常, 長透, 常常, 時常, 不時, 時時, 長間, 經常
    Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 輒輒, 長在, 輒常, 常常, 時常, 不時, 時時, 經常
    Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 輒輒, 常勻, 輒常, 長透, 常常, 時常, 不時, 時時, 長間, 經常
    Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 輒輒, 不時, 輒, 恬恬, 長透, 時時
    Hong Kong 長日
    Huizhou Jixi 三不時, 時不時
    Jin Taiyuan 常常, 時常, 時不時
    Eastern Min Fuzhou 稠稠, 稠, 盡稠
    Southern Min Xiamen 定定, 長長, 四常, 時常, 常常, 不時, 不期時
    Quanzhou 定定, 長長, 四常, 時常, 常常, 不時
    Zhangzhou 定定, 時常, 常常, 不時, 不期時
    Tainan 定定, 時常, 常常, 不時, 捷捷, 沓沓, 常在, 往往
    Manila (Hokkien) 定定, 常常, 四常, 不時
    Chaozhou 長時, 惦惦
    Shantou 經常, 時常, 時時, 惦惦
    Bangkok (Teochew) 惦惦
    Leizhou 長世, 長常
    Wu Shanghai 常樁, 常常, 經常
    Shanghai (Chongming) 千常
    Suzhou 時常, 常時, 常樁
    Ningbo 老老, 老長 rare, 長常 rare, 長時 rare
    Wenzhou 清清, 常期
    Xiang Changsha 練常, 打常, 扯常, 扯常子, 時不時
    Shuangfeng 練常, 常常

    Derived terms

    References
    • 小川尚義 (OGAWA Naoyoshi), editor (1931–1932), “常在”, in 臺日大辭典 [Taiwanese-Japanese Dictionary]‎ (overall work in Hokkien and Japanese), Taihoku: Government-General of Taiwan, →OCLC
    • Macgowan, John (1883) “Present”, in English and Chinese Dictionary of the Amoy Dialect, Amoy & London: A. A. Marcal and Trubner & Co. 57 Ludgate Hill, page 397
    • 《台灣話大詞典》　(Tâi-ôan-ōe tōa-sû-tián), Taipei, 2002 →ISBN
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