定めない

Japanese

Kanji in this term
さだ
Grade: 3
kun’yomi

Pronunciation

  • (Tokyo) だめな [sàdáménáꜜì] (Nakadaka – [4])[1]
  • IPA(key): [sa̠da̠me̞na̠i]

Etymology 1

Compound of 定め (sadame, fate; rule, law, the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, continuative or stem form) of verb 定める sadameru “to decide, to establish, to settle”) + 無い (nai, there isn't, does not exist): literally, “there is no set fate”, and by extension, “changeable”.[2]

Note that this is distinct from the negative form of verb 定める (sadameru), 定めない (sadamenai, see below), although both have the same reading and inflection.[2]

Alternative forms

Usage notes

Both senses of sadamenai are often written using hiragana for the nai portion. In such cases, the intended sense can be discerned from the context.

Adjective

(さだ)めない • (sadamenai) -i (adverbial (さだ)めなく (sadamenaku))

  1. Alternative spelling of 定め無い: transient, changeable, ephemeral
Inflection

Etymology 2

The negative form of verb 定める (sadameru, to decide, to establish, to settle).

Verb

(さだ)めない • (sadamenai) 

  1. negative of 定める (sadameru) [ichidan]: to not decide, to not establish, to not settle

References

  1. Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  2. Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典(新装版) [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
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