大君

Chinese
 
big; great; huge
big; great; huge; large; major; wide; deep; oldest; eldest; doctor
 
monarch; lord; gentleman
monarch; lord; gentleman; ruler
simp. and trad.
(大君)		 大 君

Pronunciation

Rime
Character 大 大 君
Reading # 1/2 2/2 1/1
Initial (聲) 定 (7) 定 (7) 見 (28)
Final (韻) 泰 (25) 歌 (94) 文 (59)
Tone (調) Departing (H) Departing (H) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open Open Closed
Division (等) I I III
Fanqie 徒蓋切 唐佐切 舉云切
Baxter dajH daH kjun
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /dɑiH/ /dɑH/ /kɨun/
Pan
Wuyun		 /dɑiH/ /dɑH/ /kiun/
Shao
Rongfen		 /dɑiH/ /dɑH/ /kiuən/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /dajH/ /daH/ /kun/
Li
Rong		 /dɑiH/ /dɑH/ /kiuən/
Wang
Li		 /dɑiH/ /dɑH/ /kĭuən/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /dʱɑiH/ /dʱɑH/ /ki̯uən/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 dài duò jūn
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex		 daai6 do6 gwan1

Noun

大君

  1. (literary) Son of Heaven; the Emperor
  2. (literary) eldest son

Japanese

Etymology 1
Kanji in this term
大 君
おお
Grade: 1		 きみ
Grade: 3
kun’yomi

From /*opokimi/ → /*oɸokimi/ → /owokimi/ → /ookimi/ → /oːkimi/. Compound of Old Japanese - elements 大 (ō, “great, big, large”) +‎ 君 (kimi, “lord, lady”).[1][2] kimi Sometimes pronounced in modern Japanese as ōgimi.[1][2] The kimi changes to gimi as an instance of rendaku (連濁).

Pronunciation

Noun

大(おお)君(きみ) • (ōkimi) ←おほきみ (ofokimi)?

  1. (honorific) the emperor, His Majesty
  2. (honorific) one of the reigning Emperor's descendants, especially his grandchildren and below (諸王 (shoō)); compare 皇子 (miko, used specifically for 親王 (shinnō)) and 皇女 (himemiko, used specifically for 内親王 (naishinnō))
  3. (honorific) a member of the petty nobility
  4. (honorific) someone of high status
  5. (honorific) one's lord or master
Derived terms
Derived terms

Etymology 2
Kanji in this term
大 君
おおい
Grade: 1		 きみ > ぎみ
Grade: 3
kun’yomi

Compound of Old Japanese elements 大 (ōi, “great, big, large”) +‎ 君 (kimi).[1][2] The kimi changes to gimi as an instance of rendaku (連濁).

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): [o̞ːiɡʲimʲi]

Noun

大(おおい)君(ぎみ) • (ōigimi) ←おほいぎみ (ofoigimi)?

  1. (obsolete, honorific) the eldest daughter of a noble family

Etymology 3
Kanji in this term
大 君
たい
Grade: 1		 くん
Grade: 3
kan’on

From Middle Chinese 大君 (MC dajH kjun, “big, great + lord”). The kan'on, so likely a later borrowing. Compare modern Mandarin 大君 (dàjūn, “emperor, lord; god, divinity; eldest son”).

Pronunciation
  • (Tokyo) た​いくん [táꜜìkùǹ] (Atamadaka – [1])[2]
  • IPA(key): [ta̠ikɯ̟̃ᵝɴ]

Noun

大(たい)君(くん) • (taikun) 

  1. (honorific) a lord
  2. (honorific) an imperial prince
  3. during the Edo period, an alternative title for the 将軍 (shōgun) of the Tokugawa government, used in communications with other countries
  4. in ancient China, a title given to a royal heir
Descendants
  • → English: tycoon
    • → German: Tycoon ?
    • → Serbo-Croatian: tajkun
  • → German: Taikun m
  • → Norwegian Bokmål: taikun m

References
  1. Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  2. Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  3. Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
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