変える
Japanese
Kanji in this term |
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変 |
か Grade: 4 |
kun’yomi |
Alternative spelling |
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變える (kyūjitai) |
See also かふ
Etymology
From Old Japanese かふ (kapu), in the 下二段活用 (shimo nidan katsuyō, “lower bigrade conjugation”) pattern.
Development
Natural progression from Old and Classical Japanese 下二段活用 (shimo nidan katsuyō, “lower bigrade conjugation”) verbs ending in -u to modern Japanese 下一段活用 (shimo ichidan katsuyō, “lower monograde conjugation”) verbs ending in -eru.
Pronunciation
- Tokyo pitch accent of conjugated forms of "変える"
Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary | |||
Stem forms | |||
---|---|---|---|
Terminal (終止形) Attributive (連体形) |
変える | かえる | [kàérú] |
Imperative (命令形) | 変えろ | かえろ | [kàéró] |
Key constructions | |||
Passive | 変えられる | かえられる | [kàérárérú] |
Causative | 変えさせる | かえさせる | [kàésásérú] |
Potential | 変えられる | かえられる | [kàérárérú] |
Volitional | 変えよう | かえよー | [kàéyóꜜò] |
Negative | 変えない | かえない | [kàénáí] |
Negative perfective | 変えなかった | かえなかった | [kàénáꜜkàttà] |
Formal | 変えます | かえます | [kàémáꜜsù] |
Perfective | 変えた | かえた | [kàétá] |
Conjunctive | 変えて | かえて | [kàété] |
Hypothetical conditional | 変えれば | かえれば | [kàéréꜜbà] |
Verb
変える • (kaeru) ←かへる (kaferu)?transitive ichidan (stem 変え (kae), past 変えた (kaeta))
Japanese verb pair | |
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active | 変える |
mediopassive | 変わる |
Conjugation
Conjugation of "変える" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | ||||
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Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 変え | かえ | kae | |
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 変え | かえ | kae | |
Shūshikei ("terminal") | 変える | かえる | kaeru | |
Rentaikei ("attributive") | 変える | かえる | kaeru | |
Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 変えれ | かえれ | kaere | |
Meireikei ("imperative") | 変えよ¹ 変えろ² |
かえよ¹ かえろ² |
kaeyo¹ kaero² | |
Key constructions | ||||
Passive | 変えられる | かえられる | kaerareru | |
Causative | 変えさせる 変えさす |
かえさせる かえさす |
kaesaseru kaesasu | |
Potential | 変えられる 変えれる³ |
かえられる かえれる³ |
kaerareru kaereru³ | |
Volitional | 変えよう | かえよう | kaeyō | |
Negative | 変えない 変えぬ 変えん |
かえない かえぬ かえん |
kaenai kaenu kaen | |
Negative continuative | 変えず | かえず | kaezu | |
Formal | 変えます | かえます | kaemasu | |
Perfective | 変えた | かえた | kaeta | |
Conjunctive | 変えて | かえて | kaete | |
Hypothetical conditional | 変えれば | かえれば | kaereba | |
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ³ Colloquial potential |
References
- 2002, Ineko Kondō; Fumi Takano; Mary E Althaus; et. al., Shogakukan Progressive Japanese-English Dictionary, Third Edition, Tokyo: Shōgakukan, →ISBN.
- Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1974), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Second edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō
- NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN
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