嚴肅

See also: 严肃

Chinese

		(air or water) tight; stern; serious (air or water) tight; stern; serious; strict; severe	Gansu; respectful
trad. (嚴肅)		嚴	肅
simp. (严肃)		严	肃

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): yánsù

(Zhuyin): ㄧㄢˊ ㄙㄨˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): jim⁴ suk¹
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): ngiàm-siuk / ngiàm-siu̍k
Eastern Min (BUC): ngièng-sé̤ṳk
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): giâm-sok / giâm-siok

(Teochew, Peng'im): ngiam⁵ sog⁴
Wu (Wugniu)
- (Northern): ⁶gni-soq

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: yánsù
  - Zhuyin: ㄧㄢˊ ㄙㄨˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: yánsù
  - Wade–Giles: yen²-su⁴
  - Yale: yán-sù
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yansuh
  - Palladius: яньсу (janʹsu)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /jɛn³⁵ su⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: jim⁴ suk¹
  - Yale: yìhm sūk
  - Cantonese Pinyin: jim⁴ suk⁷
  - Guangdong Romanization: yim⁴ sug¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /jiːm²¹ sʊk̚⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ngiàm-siuk / ngiàm-siu̍k
  - Hakka Romanization System: ngiamˇ xiug` / ngiamˇ xiug
  - Hagfa Pinyim: ngiam² xiug⁵ / ngiam² xiug⁶
  - Sinological IPA: /ŋi̯am¹¹ si̯uk̚²/, /ŋi̯am¹¹ si̯uk̚⁵/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: ngièng-sé̤ṳk
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ŋieŋ⁵³⁻²¹ ^(s-)nøyʔ²⁴/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: giâm-sok
  - Tâi-lô: giâm-sok
  - Phofsit Daibuun: giamsog
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /ɡiam²⁴⁻²² sɔk̚⁵/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: giâm-siok
  - Tâi-lô: giâm-siok
  - Phofsit Daibuun: giamsiog
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /ɡiam²³⁻³³ siɔk̚³²/
  - IPA (Xiamen): /ɡiam²⁴⁻²² siɔk̚³²/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /ɡiam¹³⁻²² siɔk̚³²/
  - IPA (Taipei): /ɡiam²⁴⁻¹¹ siɔk̚³²/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: ngiam⁵ sog⁴
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: ngiâm sok
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ŋiam⁵⁵⁻¹¹ sok̚²/
Wu
- (Shanghai):
  - Wugniu: ⁶gni-soq
  - MiniDict: nyi^去 soh
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³nyi-soq
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /n̠ʲi²² soʔ⁴⁴/

Middle Chinese: ngjaem sjuwk

Rime
Character	嚴	肅
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	疑 (31)	心 (16)
Final (韻)	嚴 (145)	屋 (4)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	語𩏩切	息逐切
Baxter	ngjaem	sjuwk
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ŋɨɐm/	/sɨuk̚/
Pan Wuyun	/ŋiɐm/	/siuk̚/
Shao Rongfen	/ŋiɐm/	/siuk̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ŋɨam/	/suwk̚/
Li Rong	/ŋiɐm/	/siuk̚/
Wang Li	/ŋĭɐm/	/sĭuk̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/ŋi̯ɐm/	/si̯uk̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yán	su
Expected Cantonese Reflex	jim⁴	suk¹

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*ŋ(r)am siwk/

(Zhengzhang): /*ŋam sɯwɢ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	嚴	肅
Reading #	1/1	1/5
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	yán	sù
Middle Chinese	‹ ngjæm ›	‹ sjuwk ›
Old Chinese	/*ŋ(r)am/	/*siwk/
English	stern, majestic	solemn, severe
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	嚴	肅
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	3692	12125
Phonetic component	敢	肅
Rime group	談	覺
Rime subdivision	1	2
Corresponding MC rime	嚴	肅
Old Chinese	/*ŋam/	/*sɯwɢ/

Adjective

嚴肅

solemn; stately; serious
特區應嚴肅處理公務員違規事件。 [MSC, trad.]
特区应严肃处理公务员违规事件。 [MSC, simp.]
Tèqū yīng yánsù chǔlǐ gōngwùyuán wéiguī shìjiàn. [Pinyin]
Special administrative regions should seriously punish civil servants who violate regulations.
earnest; serious

Synonyms

(solemn):

厲害／厉害 (lìhài)
嚴／严 (yán)
嚴厲／严厉 (yánlì)
嚴峻／严峻 (yánjùn)
嚴正／严正 (yánzhèng)
嚴酷／严酷 (yánkù)
尊重 (zūnzhòng)
整肅／整肃 (zhěngsù)
正經／正经
淩厲／凌厉 (línglì) (literary)
狠狠 (hěnhěn)
矜持 (jīnchí)
莊／庄 (zhuāng)
莊重／庄重 (zhuāngzhòng)
鄭重／郑重 (zhèngzhòng)

(earnest):

不苟 (bùgǒu) (formal)
仔細／仔细 (zǐxì)
嚴／严 (yán)
嚴謹／严谨 (yánjǐn)
密切 (mìqiè)
審慎／审慎 (shěnshèn) (formal)
小心 (xiǎoxīn)
慎密 (shènmì)
慎重 (shènzhòng)
慘淡／惨淡 (cǎndàn)
板正 (bǎnzhèng)
正經／正经
當心／当心 (dāngxīn)
精心 (jīngxīn)
精細／精细 (jīngxì)
細心／细心 (xìxīn)
細膩／细腻 (xìnì) (Min)
認真／认真 (rènzhēn)
謹嚴／谨严 (jǐnyán)
謹慎／谨慎 (jǐnshèn)
較真／较真 (jiàozhēn) (colloquial)
過細／过细 (guòxì)
鞠躬 (jūgōng) (literary)

Verb

嚴肅

to make serious or severe
to strictly enforce

Derived terms

嚴肅音樂／严肃音乐
嚴處／严处 (yánchǔ)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
嚴	肅
げん Jinmeiyō	しゅく Hyōgaiji
on’yomi

For pronunciation and definitions of 嚴肅 – see the following entry.

【厳粛げんしゅく】

[adjective] grave, solemn, serious

[noun] solemnity, seriousness

(This term, 嚴肅, is the kyūjitai of the above term.)

Korean

Hanja in this term
嚴	肅

Noun

嚴肅 • (eomsuk) (hangeul 엄숙)

Hanja form^? of 엄숙 (“solemnity; graveness; seriousness”).

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