to make into; to change into; ‑ization to make into; to change into; ‑ization; to ... ‑ize; to transform |
because of; for; to because of; for; to; act as; take...to be; to be; to do; to serve as; to become | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| trad. (化為/化爲) | 化 | 為/爲 | |
| simp. (化为) | 化 | 为 | |
| Rime | ||
|---|---|---|
| Character | 化 | 為 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 曉 (32) | 云 (35) |
| Final (韻) | 麻 (99) | 支 (14) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed | Closed |
| Division (等) | II | III |
| Fanqie | 呼霸切 | 薳支切 |
| Baxter | xwaeH | hjwe |
| Reconstructions | ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang |
/hˠuaH/ | /ɦˠiuᴇ/ |
| Pan Wuyun |
/hʷᵚaH/ | /ɦʷᵚiɛ/ |
| Shao Rongfen |
/xuaH/ | /ɣiuɛ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank |
/hwaɨH/ | /ɦjwiə̆/ |
| Li Rong |
/xuaH/ | /ɣjue/ |
| Wang Li |
/xwaH/ | /ɣǐwe/ |
| Bernard Karlgren |
/xwaH/ | /wie̯/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex |
huà | wéi |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex |
faa3 | wai4 |
| Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) | ||
|---|---|---|
| Character | 化 | 為 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/2 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) |
huà | wéi |
| Middle Chinese |
‹ xwæH › | ‹ hjwe › |
| Old Chinese |
/*qʷʰˁ<r>aj-s/ | /*ɢʷ(r)aj/ |
| English | transform | make, do, act as |
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; | ||
| Zhengzhang system (2003) | ||
|---|---|---|
| Character | 化 | 為 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/2 |
| No. | 5327 | |
| Phonetic component |
化 | 爲 |
| Rime group |
歌 | 歌 |
| Rime subdivision |
1 | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime |
化 | 爲 |
| Old Chinese |
/*hŋʷraːls/ | /*ɢʷal/ |
| Notes | 俗爲字 | |