先天

Chinese

		early; prior; former early; prior; former; in advance; first	day; sky; heaven
simp. and trad. (先天)		先	天

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): xiāntiān

(Zhuyin): ㄒㄧㄢㄊㄧㄢ
Cantonese (Jyutping): sin¹ tin¹
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): sian-thian

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: xiāntiān
  - Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄢㄊㄧㄢ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: siantian
  - Wade–Giles: hsien¹-tʻien¹
  - Yale: syān-tyān
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shiantian
  - Palladius: сяньтянь (sjanʹtjanʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵ tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: sin¹ tin¹
  - Yale: sīn tīn
  - Cantonese Pinyin: sin¹ tin¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: xin¹ tin¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /siːn⁵⁵ tʰiːn⁵⁵/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sian-thian
  - Tâi-lô: sian-thian
  - Phofsit Daibuun: sientiefn
  - IPA (Xiamen): /siɛn⁴⁴⁻²² tʰiɛn⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /siɛn³³ tʰiɛn³³/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /siɛn⁴⁴⁻²² tʰiɛn⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Taipei): /siɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ tʰiɛn⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /siɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ tʰiɛn⁴⁴/

Noun

先天

nature (as opposed to nurture)
先天與後天／先天与后天 ― xiāntiān yǔ hòutiān ― nature and nurture

Antonyms

後天／后天 (hòutiān)

Adjective

先天

(of a disease or trait) congenital; inherited; innate; inborn

Synonyms

天生 (tiānshēng)

Derived terms

先天缺陷 (xiāntiān quēxiàn)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
先	天
せん Grade: 1	てん Grade: 1
on’yomi

Etymology

Appeared in 致知啓蒙 (Chichi Keimō) of 1874 as a translation of Latin a posteriori.[1][2][3]

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) せんてん [sèńtéń] (Heiban – [0])[2][4]
IPA^(key): [sẽ̞ntẽ̞ɴ]

Noun

先(せん)天(てん) • (senten)

something one is born with; something one has since birth

Antonyms

後天(こうてん) (kōten)

Derived terms

先(せん)天(てん)性(せい) (sentensei)
先(せん)天(てん)説(せつ) (sentensetsu)
先(せん)天(てん)的(てき) (sententeki)
先(せん)天(てん)梅(ばい)毒(どく) (senten baidoku)

References

“先天”, in 日本国語大辞典 (Nihon Kokugo Daijiten, “Nihon Kokugo Daijiten”)‎ (in Japanese), concise edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 2000
Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
Nishi, Amane (1874) “致知啓蒙”, in National Diet Library Digital Collections‎, volume 1, 瑞穂屋卯三郎
Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja in this term
先	天

Noun

先天 • (seoncheon) (hangeul 선천)

Hanja form^? of 선천.

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