伸びる

Japanese
Kanji in this term
伸
の
Grade: S
kun’yomi

Etymology

From the classical upper bigrade verb(バ行上二段活用) のぶ (nobu). Cognate with Japanese 延(の)びる (nobiru).

Development
Natural progression from Old and Classical Japanese 上二段活用 (kami nidan katsuyō, “upper bigrade conjugation”) verbs ending in -u to modern Japanese 上一段活用 (kami ichidan katsuyō, “upper monograde conjugation”) verbs ending in -iru.

Pronunciation
  • (Tokyo) のび​る [nòbíꜜrù] (Nakadaka – [2])[1]
  • IPA(key): [no̞bʲiɾɯ̟ᵝ]
  • Tokyo pitch accent of conjugated forms of "伸びる"
Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary
Stem forms
Terminal (終止形)
Attributive (連体形)		 伸びる のび​る [nòbíꜜrù]
Imperative (命令形) 伸びろ のび​ろ [nòbíꜜrò]
Key constructions
Passive 伸びられる のびられ​る [nòbíráréꜜrù]
Causative 伸びさせる のびさせ​る [nòbísáséꜜrù]
Potential - - -
Volitional 伸びよう のびよ​ー [nòbíyóꜜò]
Negative 伸びない のび​ない [nòbíꜜnàì]
Negative perfective 伸びなかった のび​なかった [nòbíꜜnàkàttà]
Formal 伸びます のびま​す [nòbímáꜜsù]
Perfective 伸びた の​びた [nóꜜbìtà]
Conjunctive 伸びて の​びて [nóꜜbìtè]
Hypothetical conditional 伸びれば のび​れば [nòbíꜜrèbà]

Verb

伸(の)びる • (nobiru) intransitive ichidan (stem 伸(の)び (nobi), past 伸(の)びた (nobita))

Japanese verb pair
active 伸ばす
mediopassive 伸びる
Japanese verb pair
active 伸べる
mediopassive 伸びる
  1. to stretch, to extend, to be developed.
  2. (of clothes) to become baggy and loose
  3. (of noodles) to become soft and soggy (from absorbing too much soup).
    早(はや)く食(た)べないと麺(めん)が伸(の)びちゃうよ。
    Hayaku tabenai to men ga nobichau yo.
    If you don't eat them quickly the noodles will go soft.
  4. (of online videos) to accumulate views

Conjugation
Conjugation of "伸びる" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective") 伸び のび nobi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") 伸び のび nobi
Shūshikei ("terminal") 伸びる のびる nobiru
Rentaikei ("attributive") 伸びる のびる nobiru
Kateikei ("hypothetical") 伸びれ のびれ nobire
Meireikei ("imperative") 伸びよ¹
伸びろ²		 のびよ¹
のびろ²		 nobiyo¹
nobiro²
Key constructions
Passive 伸びられる のびられる nobirareru
Causative 伸びさせる
伸びさす		 のびさせる
のびさす		 nobisaseru
nobisasu
Potential 伸びられる
伸びれる³		 のびられる
のびれる³		 nobirareru
nobireru³
Volitional 伸びよう のびよう nobiyō
Negative 伸びない
伸びぬ
伸びん		 のびない
のびぬ
のびん		 nobinai
nobinu
nobin
Negative continuative 伸びず のびず nobizu
Formal 伸びます のびます nobimasu
Perfective 伸びた のびた nobita
Conjunctive 伸びて のびて nobite
Hypothetical conditional 伸びれば のびれば nobireba
¹ Written imperative
² Spoken imperative
³ Colloquial potential

References
  1. Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
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