下方

Chinese
 
under; next; lower
under; next; lower; below; underneath; down(wards); to go down; latter
 
square; quadrilateral; place
square; quadrilateral; place; region; direction; side; method; way; prescription; power; upright; just
simp. and trad.
(下方)		 下 方

Pronunciation

Noun

下方

  1. lower part; area below; place below; (anatomy) inferior part
    請點擊下方按鈕。 [MSC, trad.]
    请点击下方按钮。 [MSC, simp.]
    Qǐng diǎnjī xiàfāng ànniǔ. [Pinyin]
    Please click the button below.
  2. Synonym of 方棋 (fāngqí)

Antonyms
  • (antonym(s) of “lower part”): 上方 (shàngfāng)

Descendants
Sino-Xenic (下方):
  • → Japanese: 下(か)方(ほう) (kahō)

Japanese

Etymology 1
Kanji in this term
下 方
か
Grade: 1		 ほう
Grade: 2
kan’on

/ka pau/ → /kaɸau/ → /kaɸɔː/ → /kahoː/

From Middle Chinese 下方 (MC haeX pjang). (Can this(+) etymology be sourced?)

Pronunciation
  • (Tokyo) かほー [kàhóó] (Heiban – [0])[1]
  • IPA(key): [ka̠ho̞ː]

Noun

下(か)方(ほう) • (kahō) ←かはう (kafau)?

  1. the lower part; an area below, downward
    Antonym: 上方 (jōhō)
    予(よ)想(そう)を下(か)方(ほう)に修(しゅう)正(せい)する ― yosō o kahō ni shūsei suru ― revise expectations downward
Derived terms
  • 下(か)方(ほう)修(しゅ)正(うせい) (kahō shūsei)
  • 下(か)方(ほう)伸(しん)張(ちょう) (kahō shinchō)
  • 下(か)方(ほう)制(せい)御(ぎょ) (kahō seigyo)
  • 下(か)方(ほう)置(ち)換(かん) (kahō chikan)

Etymology 2
Kanji in this term
下 方
した
Grade: 1		 かた
Grade: 2
kun’yomi
Kanji in this term
下 方
した
Grade: 1		 かた > がた
Grade: 2
kun’yomi

From 下 (shita, “below, down, under”) +‎ 方 (kata, “person”).

Sometimes pronounced with

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sort=したかた
Please see Module:checkparams for help with this warning.

rendaku (連濁).

Pronunciation
  • (Tokyo) したかた [shìtákátá] (Heiban – [0])[1]
  • IPA(key): [ɕita̠ka̠ta̠]

Noun

下(した)方(かた) or 下(した)方(がた) • (shitakata or shitagata) 

  1. a low rank, subordinate

Proper noun

下(した)方(かた) • (Shitakata) 

  1. a placename

Etymology 3
Kanji in this term
下 方
しも
Grade: 1		 かた
Grade: 2
kun’yomi
Kanji in this term
下 方
しも
Grade: 1		 かた > がた
Grade: 2
kun’yomi

From 下 (shimo, “lower”) +‎ 方 (kata, “person”).

Sometimes pronounced with rendaku (連濁).

Pronunciation
  • (Tokyo) しも​かた [shìmóꜜkàtà] (Nakadaka – [2])
  • IPA(key): [ɕimo̞ka̠ta̠]

Noun

下(しも)方(かた) or 下(しも)方(がた) • (shimokata or shimogata) 

  1. a low rank, subordinate

Proper noun

下(しも)方(かた) • (Shimokata) 

  1. a placename
  2. a surname

下(しも)方(がた) • (Shimogata) 

  1. a placename

Etymology 4
Kanji in this term
下 方
した
Grade: 1		 さま > ざま
Grade: 2
kun’yomi irregular

From 下 (shita, “below, down, under”) +‎ 方 (sama, “appearance, style”).

The sama changes to zama as an instance of rendaku (連濁).

Noun

下(した)方(ざま) • (shitazama) 

  1. Synonym of 下様 (shimozama): a low rank, subordinate
    Antonym: 上方 (uezama)

References
  1. Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Old Japanese

Etymology

From 下 (sita, “below, down, under”) +‎ 邊 (-pe1, “location, direction”).

Noun

下方 (sitape1) (kana したへ)

  1. the land of the dead, underworld
    Synonyms: 根の國 (ne no2 kuni), 黃泉 (yo2mi2)
    • c. 759, Man’yōshū, book 5, poem 905:
      , text here
      和可家禮婆道行之良士末比波世武之多敞乃使於比弖登保良世
      wakake1reba mi1tiyuki1 sirazi mapi1 pa semu sitape1 no2 tukapi1 opi1te to2porase
      (please add an English translation of this usage example)

Descendants
  • Japanese: 下方 (shitahe), in modern Japanese dictionaries
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