ばける

See also: はける and はげる

Japanese
Alternative spelling
化ける

Etymology

First cited to the Iroha Jiruishō of circa 1177-81.[1]

This word has an initial voiced consonant, which is not regular in native Japanese words, and might be a shift from another verb.

The Meigentsū and the Gengentei derive this from 計る (hakaru, “to measure”),[1] presumably via a hak- root.

Pronunciation
  • Tokyo pitch accent of conjugated forms of "化ける"
Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary
Stem forms
Terminal (終止形)
Attributive (連体形)		 化ける ばけ​る [bàkéꜜrù]
Imperative (命令形) 化けろ ばけ​ろ [bàkéꜜrò]
Key constructions
Passive 化けられる ばけられ​る [bàkéráréꜜrù]
Causative 化けさせる ばけさせ​る [bàkésáséꜜrù]
Potential 化けられる ばけられ​る [bàkéráréꜜrù]
Volitional 化けよう ばけよ​ー [bàkéyóꜜò]
Negative 化けない ばけ​ない [bàkéꜜnàì]
Negative perfective 化けなかった ばけ​なかった [bàkéꜜnàkàttà]
Formal 化けます ばけま​す [bàkémáꜜsù]
Perfective 化けた ば​けた [báꜜkètà]
Conjunctive 化けて ば​けて [báꜜkètè]
Hypothetical conditional 化ければ ばけ​れば [bàkéꜜrèbà]

Verb

ばける • (bakeru) intransitive ichidan (stem ばけ (bake), past ばけた (baketa))

Japanese verb pair
active 化かす
mediopassive ばける
  1. to change oneself into, to transform oneself into, to take the form of
    女(おんな)に化(ば)けた猫(ねこ)
    onna ni baketa neko
    a cat that has changed into a woman
  2. to disguise oneself, to appear in disguise
  3. to change for the worse, to corrupt

Conjugation
Conjugation of "ばける" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective") ばけ bake
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") ばけ bake
Shūshikei ("terminal") ばける bakeru
Rentaikei ("attributive") ばける bakeru
Kateikei ("hypothetical") ばけれ bakere
Meireikei ("imperative") ばけよ¹
ばけろ²		 bakeyo¹
bakero²
Key constructions
Passive ばけられる bakerareru
Causative ばけさせる
ばけさす		 bakesaseru
bakesasu
Potential ばけられる
ばけれる³		 bakerareru
bakereru³
Volitional ばけよう bakeyō
Negative ばけない
ばけぬ
ばけん		 bakenai
bakenu
baken
Negative continuative ばけず bakezu
Formal ばけます bakemasu
Perfective ばけた baketa
Conjunctive ばけて bakete
Hypothetical conditional ばければ bakereba
¹ Written imperative
² Spoken imperative
³ Colloquial potential

Derived terms

References
  1. “ば・ける 【化】”, in 日本国語大辞典 (Nihon Kokugo Daijiten, “Nihon Kokugo Daijiten”) Paid subscription required‎ (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 2000, released online 2007, →ISBN, concise edition entry available here (Note: Dialectal meanings, etymological theories, pronunciation including modern, dialectal, and historical information, Jōdai Tokushu Kanazukai, historical dictionaries containing this word, and the kanji spellings in those dictionaries have been omitted.)
  2. Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  3. NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN
  4. Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
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