はる
Japanese
For pronunciation and definitions of はる – see the following entries. | ||
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(This term, はる, is the hiragana spelling of the above terms.) For a list of all kanji read as はる, see Category:Japanese kanji read as はる.) |
Suffix
はる • (-haru)
- (Kansai) verbal suffix expressing respect to subject of verb; X-a-haru is equivalent to standard o-X-i ni naru.
- 2005 August 9, Hideaki Sorachi, “第六十五訓 外見だけで人を判断しちゃダメ”, in [銀](ぎん)[魂](たま), volume 8 (fiction), Tokyo: Shueisha, →ISBN:
- 土方はんって 二枚目やしクールやし
- Hijikata-hantte nimaime yashi kūru yashi
- Hijikata-han, yer so cool and handsome!
- Sazo moteharun desho?
- Ah bet yer very popular with the ladies! Ain’tcha?
- Sō demo nē yo
- Nah, not really
- Iyayawa~ uso bakkari
- No waaay~ I don’t believe that
- Hijikata-han Hijikata-han
- Hijikata-han, Hijikata-han
- Are? Sore nani tabete harun?
- Eh? Whatcha eatin’ there?
- Ochazuke Hijikata Supesharu da Kuu ka?
- Ochazuke Hijikata Special. Want some?
- 土方はんって 二枚目やしクールやし
Usage notes
Characteristic of Kyoto 敬語 (keigo, honorific/court language), used throughout Kansai dialect. Intermediate in politeness between base (informal) form of verb and polite -masu form, though in Kyoto widely used in casual speech, and much closer to informal.
- In Osaka and surrounding areas, attaches to -masu stem.
- In Kyoto and surrounding areas, such as Nara and Shiga, attaches to -a inflection of verb; with vowel stems, takes epenthetic -ya-
- toor-u (to pass) → toora-haru. ik-u (to go) → ika-haru.
- mi-ru (to see) → mi-haru or mi-ya-haru. i-ru (to be) → i-haru or i-ya-haru. suru (to do) → shi-haru or shi-ya-haru. kuru (to come) → ki-haru or ki-ya-haru.
- After て form of verb, sometimes て changes た, is equivalent to irassharu: kangaete haru or kangaeta haru (= kangaete irassharu).
- 〜はる can in turn take ます for additional politeness, yielding 〜はります, and other polite endings such as 〜んです, yielding 〜はるんです.
Conjugation
Conjugation of "はる" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Stem forms | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Imperfective (未然形) | はら | hara | ||
Continuative (連用形) | はり | hari | ||
Terminal (終止形) | はる | haru | ||
Attributive (連体形) | はる | haru | ||
Hypothetical (仮定形) | はれ¹ | hare¹ | ||
Imperative (命令形) | はれ¹ | hare¹ | ||
Key constructions | ||||
Passive | - | - | ||
Causative | - | - | ||
Potential | - | - | ||
Volitional | - | - | ||
Negative | はらへん はれへん はらん |
harahen harehen haran | ||
Negative continuative | - | - | ||
Formal | はります | harimasu | ||
Perfective | はった | hatta | ||
Conjunctive | はって | hatte | ||
Hypothetical conditional | はれば¹ はったら |
hareba¹ hattara | ||
¹ Rare, especially Imperative form. |
References
- Palter, DC and Slotsve, Kaoru Horiuchi (1995). Colloquial Kansai Japanese: The Dialects And Culture of the Kansai Region. Boston: Charles E. Tuttle Publishing. →ISBN, pp. 32–34
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