ねじる
Japanese
Alternative spellings |
---|
捻る 捻じる 捩る 捩じる 拗る |
Etymology
From Classical Japanese verb ねづ (nezu).
Development
Natural progression from Old and Classical Japanese 上二段活用 (kami nidan katsuyō, “upper bigrade conjugation”) verbs ending in -u to modern Japanese 上一段活用 (kami ichidan katsuyō, “upper monograde conjugation”) verbs ending in -iru.
Later on, the verb shifted to yodan conjugation.[1][2][3][4]
Pronunciation
- Tokyo pitch accent of conjugated forms of "捩じる"
Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary | |||
Stem forms | |||
---|---|---|---|
Terminal (終止形) Attributive (連体形) |
捩じる | ねじる | [nèjíꜜrù] |
Imperative (命令形) | 捩じれ | ねじれ | [nèjíꜜrè] |
Key constructions | |||
Passive | 捩じられる | ねじられる | [nèjíráréꜜrù] |
Causative | 捩じらせる | ねじらせる | [nèjíráséꜜrù] |
Potential | 捩じれる | ねじれる | [nèjíréꜜrù] |
Volitional | 捩じろう | ねじろー | [nèjíróꜜò] |
Negative | 捩じらない | ねじらない | [nèjíráꜜnàì] |
Negative perfective | 捩じらなかった | ねじらなかった | [nèjíráꜜnàkàttà] |
Formal | 捩じります | ねじります | [nèjírímáꜜsù] |
Perfective | 捩じった | ねじった | [nèjíꜜttà] |
Conjunctive | 捩じって | ねじって | [nèjíꜜttè] |
Hypothetical conditional | 捩じれば | ねじれば | [nèjíꜜrèbà] |
Verb
ねじる • (nejiru) ←ねぢる (nediru)?transitive godan (stem ねじり (nejiri), past ねじった (nejitta))
Japanese verb pair | |
---|---|
active | ねじる |
mediopassive | 拗ける |
Conjugation
Conjugation of "ねじる" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | |||
---|---|---|---|
Mizenkei ("imperfective") | ねじら | nejira | |
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | ねじり | nejiri | |
Shūshikei ("terminal") | ねじる | nejiru | |
Rentaikei ("attributive") | ねじる | nejiru | |
Kateikei ("hypothetical") | ねじれ | nejire | |
Meireikei ("imperative") | ねじれ | nejire | |
Key constructions | |||
Passive | ねじられる | nejirareru | |
Causative | ねじらせる ねじらす |
nejiraseru nejirasu | |
Potential | ねじれる | nejireru | |
Volitional | ねじろう | nejirō | |
Negative | ねじらない | nejiranai | |
Negative continuative | ねじらず | nejirazu | |
Formal | ねじります | nejirimasu | |
Perfective | ねじった | nejitta | |
Conjunctive | ねじって | nejitte | |
Hypothetical conditional | ねじれば | nejireba |
References
- Shinmura, Izuru, editor (1998), 広辞苑 [Kōjien] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tōkyō: Iwanami Shoten, →ISBN
- Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- Matsumura, Akira (1995) 大辞泉 [Daijisen] (in Japanese), First edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
- Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典(新装版) [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
- NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN
- Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
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