たまう

Japanese
Alternative spellings
給う
賜う

Etymology

From Old Japanese たまふ (tamapu).

Pronunciation
  • (Tokyo) たま​う [tàmáꜜù] (Nakadaka – [2])[1]
  • IPA(key): [ta̠ma̠ɯ̟ᵝ]
  • Tokyo pitch accent of conjugated forms of "給う"
Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary
Stem forms
Terminal (終止形)
Attributive (連体形)		 給う たま​う [tàmáꜜù]
Imperative (命令形) 給え たま​え [tàmáꜜè]
Key constructions
Passive 給われる たまわれ​る [tàmáwáréꜜrù]
Causative 給わせる たまわせ​る [tàmáwáséꜜrù]
Potential 給える たまえ​る [tàmáéꜜrù]
Volitional 給おう たまお​ー [tàmáóꜜò]
Negative 給わない たまわ​ない [tàmáwáꜜnàì]
Negative perfective 給わなかった たまわ​なかった [tàmáwáꜜnàkàttà]
Formal 給います たまいま​す [tàmáímáꜜsù]
Perfective 給った たま​った [tàmáꜜttà]
Conjunctive 給って たま​って [tàmáꜜttè]
Hypothetical conditional 給えば たま​えば [tàmáꜜèbà]

Verb

たまう • (tamau) ←たまふ (tamafu)?godan (stem たまい (tamai), past たまった (tamatta))

Japanese verb pair
active たまう
mediopassive 賜る
  1. (dated, honorific) to give; to grant
    Synonym: 下さる
  2. (honorific) (to do something) for me/for us

Usage notes
  • (to give):
    • Usually considered overpolite today.
  • (to do something for me):
    • Used especially in the imperative tense to form polite commands. It is attached to the continuative form of a verb and is often spelled in hiragana.
      こちらへ来(き)たまえ。
      Kochira e kitamae.
      Come here.
    • Less polite than 下(くだ)さる (kudasaru). Mostly used by superiors to subordinates.

Conjugation
Conjugation of "たまう" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective") たまわ tamawa
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") たまい tamai
Shūshikei ("terminal") たまう tamau
Rentaikei ("attributive") たまう tamau
Kateikei ("hypothetical") たまえ tamae
Meireikei ("imperative") たまえ tamae
Key constructions
Passive たまわれる tamawareru
Causative たまわせる
たまわす		 tamawaseru
tamawasu
Potential たまえる tamaeru
Volitional たまおう tamaō
Negative たまわない tamawanai
Negative continuative たまわず tamawazu
Formal たまいます tamaimasu
Perfective たまった tamatta
Conjunctive たまって tamatte
Hypothetical conditional たまえば tamaeba
Classical conjugation of "たまふ" (ハ行四段活用, see Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Stem forms
Irrealis (未然形) たまはtamafa
Continuative (連用形) たまひtamafi
Terminal (終止形) たまふtamafu
Attributive (連体形) たまふtamafu
Realis (已然形) たまへtamafe
Imperative (命令形) たまへtamafe
Key constructions
Negative たまはずtamafazu
Contrasting conjunction たまへどtamafedo
Causal conjunction たまへばtamafeba
Conditional conjunction たまはばtamafaba
Past tense (firsthand knowledge) たまひきtamafiki
Past tense (secondhand knowledge) たまひけりtamafikeri
Perfect tense (conscious action) たまひつtamafitu
Perfect tense (natural event) たまひぬtamafinu
Perfect-continuative tense たまへり
たまひたり		tamaferi
tamafitari
Volitional たまはむtamafamu

References
  1. Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

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