ἴαμβος
Ancient Greek
Etymology
Probably of Pre-Greek substrate (Illyrian/Phrygian) origin;[1][2][3] the OED suggests a derivation from ἰάπτω (iáptō, “to assail, attack verbally”), literally "send forth", cognate with ἵημι (híēmi, “I throw, hurl”), as iambic verse was first used by satirists,[4] but this could just be folk etymology. Compare also similar words, like διθύραμβος (dithúrambos), θρίαμβος (thríambos) and ἴθυμβος (íthumbos).
Pronunciation
- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /í.am.bos/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /ˈi.am.bos/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /ˈi.am.bos/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /ˈi.am.bos/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /ˈi.am.bos/
Noun
ῐ̓́ᾰμβος • (íambos) m (genitive ῐ̓ᾰ́μβου); second declension
Inflection
Case / # | Singular | Dual | Plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nominative | ὁ ῐ̓́ᾰμβος ho íambos |
τὼ ῐ̓ᾰ́μβω tṑ iámbō |
οἱ ῐ̓́ᾰμβοι hoi íamboi | ||||||||||
Genitive | τοῦ ῐ̓ᾰ́μβου toû iámbou |
τοῖν ῐ̓ᾰ́μβοιν toîn iámboin |
τῶν ῐ̓ᾰ́μβων tôn iámbōn | ||||||||||
Dative | τῷ ῐ̓ᾰ́μβῳ tôi iámbōi |
τοῖν ῐ̓ᾰ́μβοιν toîn iámboin |
τοῖς ῐ̓ᾰ́μβοις toîs iámbois | ||||||||||
Accusative | τὸν ῐ̓́ᾰμβον tòn íambon |
τὼ ῐ̓ᾰ́μβω tṑ iámbō |
τοὺς ῐ̓ᾰ́μβους toùs iámbous | ||||||||||
Vocative | ῐ̓́ᾰμβε íambe |
ῐ̓ᾰ́μβω iámbō |
ῐ̓́ᾰμβοι íamboi | ||||||||||
Notes: |
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Derived terms
- ἰαμβεῖος (iambeîos)
- ἰαμβέλεγος (iambélegos)
- ἰαμβίζω (iambízō)
- ἰαμβικός (iambikós)
- ἰαμβίς (iambís)
- ἰαμβιστής (iambistḗs)
- ἰαμβογράφος (iambográphos)
- ἰαμβοειδής (iamboeidḗs)
- ἰαμβοποιέω (iambopoiéō)
- ἰαμβοποιός (iambopoiós)
- ἰαμβύκη (iambúkē)
- ἰαμβώδης (iambṓdēs)
- χωλίαμβος (khōlíambos)
Descendants
- → Latin: iambus (see there for further descendants)
References
- Roberts, Edward A. (2014) A Comprehensive Etymological Dictionary of the Spanish Language with Families of Words based on Indo-European Roots, Xlibris Corporation, →ISBN
- “iamb”, in The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, 5th edition, Boston, Mass.: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2016, →ISBN.
- Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN
- Oxford English Dictionary, 1884–1928, and First Supplement, 1933.
Further reading
- “ἴαμβος”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “ἴαμβος”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
- ἴαμβος in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
- iambic verse idem, page 413.
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