ἕσπερος
See also: Ἕσπερος
Ancient Greek
Etymology
| PIE word |
|---|
| *wek(ʷ)speros |
From Proto-Hellenic *wésperos, from Proto-Indo-European *wek(ʷ)speros. Cognates include Latin vesper, Old Armenian գիշեր (gišer) and Old Church Slavonic вєчєръ (večerŭ).
Pronunciation
- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /hés.pe.ros/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /ˈ(h)es.pe.ros/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /ˈes.pe.ros/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /ˈes.pe.ros/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /ˈes.pe.ros/
- Hyphenation: ἕσ‧πε‧ρος
Inflection
| Number | Singular | Dual | Plural | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Case/Gender | Masculine / Feminine | Neuter | Masculine / Feminine | Neuter | Masculine / Feminine | Neuter | ||||||||
| Nominative | ἕσπερος hésperos |
ἕσπερον hésperon |
ἑσπέρω hespérō |
ἑσπέρω hespérō |
ἕσπεροι hésperoi |
ἕσπερᾰ héspera | ||||||||
| Genitive | ἑσπέρου hespérou |
ἑσπέρου hespérou |
ἑσπέροιν hespéroin |
ἑσπέροιν hespéroin |
ἑσπέρων hespérōn |
ἑσπέρων hespérōn | ||||||||
| Dative | ἑσπέρῳ hespérōi |
ἑσπέρῳ hespérōi |
ἑσπέροιν hespéroin |
ἑσπέροιν hespéroin |
ἑσπέροις hespérois |
ἑσπέροις hespérois | ||||||||
| Accusative | ἕσπερον hésperon |
ἕσπερον hésperon |
ἑσπέρω hespérō |
ἑσπέρω hespérō |
ἑσπέρους hespérous |
ἕσπερᾰ héspera | ||||||||
| Vocative | ἕσπερε héspere |
ἕσπερον hésperon |
ἑσπέρω hespérō |
ἑσπέρω hespérō |
ἕσπεροι hésperoi |
ἕσπερᾰ héspera | ||||||||
| Derived forms | Adverb | Comparative | Superlative | |||||||||||
| ἑσπέρως hespérōs |
ἑσπερώτερος hesperṓteros |
ἑσπερώτᾰτος hesperṓtatos | ||||||||||||
| Notes: |
| |||||||||||||
Noun
ἕσπερος • (hésperos) m (genitive ἑσπέρου); second declension
- evening
- the evening star, Venus (shortened form of ἕσπερος ἀστήρ (hésperos astḗr))
Inflection
| Case / # | Singular | Dual | Plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | ὁ ἕσπερος ho hésperos |
τὼ ἑσπέρω tṑ hespérō |
οἱ ἕσπεροι hoi hésperoi | ||||||||||
| Genitive | τοῦ ἑσπέρου toû hespérou |
τοῖν ἑσπέροιν toîn hespéroin |
τῶν ἑσπέρων tôn hespérōn | ||||||||||
| Dative | τῷ ἑσπέρῳ tôi hespérōi |
τοῖν ἑσπέροιν toîn hespéroin |
τοῖς ἑσπέροις toîs hespérois | ||||||||||
| Accusative | τὸν ἕσπερον tòn hésperon |
τὼ ἑσπέρω tṑ hespérō |
τοὺς ἑσπέρους toùs hespérous | ||||||||||
| Vocative | ἕσπερε héspere |
ἑσπέρω hespérō |
ἕσπεροι hésperoi | ||||||||||
| Notes: |
| ||||||||||||
Further reading
- “ἕσπερος”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “ἕσπερος”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
- “ἕσπερος”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
- ἕσπερος in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- ἕσπερος in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
- “ἕσπερος”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
- Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
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