ἔφαγον
Ancient Greek
Etymology
According to Beekes, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰh₂g-, zero-grade of *bʰeh₂g- (“to divide, distribute”) with a semantic shift “*I received a share” → “*I consumed” → “I ate”. Compare also βαγαῖος (bagaîos).
Pronunciation
- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /é.pʰa.ɡon/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /ˈe.pʰa.ɡon/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /ˈe.ɸa.ɣon/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /ˈe.fa.ɣon/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /ˈe.fa.ɣon/
Inflection
No present tense, except for φᾰγεῖ (phageî) and φᾰγέοις (phagéois) in later Greek. Generally suppleted with ἐσθῐ́ω (esthíō) and ἔδω (édō). Also see τρώγω (trṓgō).
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | ἔφᾰγον | ἔφᾰγες | ἔφᾰγε(ν) | ἐφᾰ́γετον | ἐφᾰγέτην | ἐφᾰ́γομεν | ἐφᾰ́γετε | ἔφᾰγον | ||||
subjunctive | φᾰ́γω | φᾰ́γῃς | φᾰ́γῃ | φᾰ́γητον | φᾰ́γητον | φᾰ́γωμεν | φᾰ́γητε | φᾰ́γωσῐ(ν) | |||||
optative | φᾰ́γοιμῐ | φᾰ́γοις | φᾰ́γοι | φᾰ́γοιτον | φᾰγοίτην | φᾰ́γοιμεν | φᾰ́γοιτε | φᾰ́γοιεν | |||||
imperative | φᾰ́γε | φᾰγέτω | φᾰ́γετον | φᾰγέτων | φᾰ́γετε | φᾰγόντων | |||||||
middle | indicative | ἐφᾰγόμην | ἐφᾰ́γου | ἐφᾰ́γετο | ἐφᾰ́γεσθον | ἐφᾰγέσθην | ἐφᾰγόμεθᾰ | ἐφᾰ́γεσθε | ἐφᾰ́γοντο | ||||
subjunctive | φᾰ́γωμαι | φᾰ́γῃ | φᾰ́γηται | φᾰ́γησθον | φᾰ́γησθον | φᾰγώμεθᾰ | φᾰ́γησθε | φᾰ́γωνται | |||||
optative | φᾰγοίμην | φᾰ́γοιο | φᾰ́γοιτο | φᾰ́γοισθον | φᾰγοίσθην | φᾰγοίμεθᾰ | φᾰ́γοισθε | φᾰ́γοιντο | |||||
imperative | φᾰγοῦ | φᾰγέσθω | φᾰ́γεσθον | φᾰγέσθων | φᾰ́γεσθε | φᾰγέσθων | |||||||
active | middle | ||||||||||||
infinitive | φᾰγεῖν | φᾰγέσθαι | |||||||||||
participle | m | φᾰγών | φᾰγόμενος | ||||||||||
f | φᾰγοῦσᾰ | φᾰγομένη | |||||||||||
n | φᾰγόν | φᾰγόμενον | |||||||||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation. |
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | φᾰ́γον | φᾰ́γες | φᾰ́γε(ν) | φᾰ́γετον | φᾰγέτην | φᾰ́γομεν | φᾰ́γετε | φᾰ́γον | ||||
subjunctive | φᾰ́γω, φᾰ́γωμῐ |
φᾰ́γῃς, φᾰ́γῃσθᾰ |
φᾰ́γῃ, φᾰ́γῃσῐ |
φᾰ́γητον | φᾰ́γητον | φᾰ́γωμεν | φᾰ́γητε | φᾰ́γωσῐ(ν) | |||||
optative | φᾰ́γοιμῐ | φᾰ́γοις/φᾰ́γοισθᾰ | φᾰ́γοι | φᾰγεῖτον | φᾰγείτην | φᾰγεῖμεν | φᾰγεῖτε | φᾰγεῖεν | |||||
imperative | φᾰ́γε | φᾰγέτω | φᾰ́γετον | φᾰγέτων | φᾰ́γετε | φᾰγόντων | |||||||
middle | indicative | φᾰγόμην | φᾰ́γεο | φᾰ́γετο | φᾰ́γεσθον | φᾰγέσθην | φᾰγόμε(σ)θᾰ | φᾰ́γεσθε | φᾰ́γοντο | ||||
subjunctive | φᾰ́γωμαι | φᾰ́γηαι | φᾰ́γηται | φᾰ́γησθον | φᾰ́γησθον | φᾰγώμε(σ)θᾰ | φᾰ́γησθε | φᾰ́γωνται | |||||
optative | φᾰγοίμην | φᾰ́γοιο | φᾰ́γοιτο | φᾰ́γοισθον | φᾰγοίσθην | φᾰγοίμε(σ)θᾰ | φᾰ́γοισθε | φᾰγοίᾰτο | |||||
imperative | φᾰ́γεο | φᾰγέσθω | φᾰ́γεσθον | φᾰγέσθων | φᾰ́γεσθε | φᾰγέσθων | |||||||
active | middle | ||||||||||||
infinitive | φᾰγεῖν/φᾰγέμεν(αι) | φᾰγέσθαι | |||||||||||
participle | m | φᾰγών | φᾰγόμενος | ||||||||||
f | φᾰγοῦσᾰ | φᾰγομένη | |||||||||||
n | φᾰγόν | φᾰγόμενον | |||||||||||
Notes: | Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation. |
Future: φᾰ́γομαι
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
middle | indicative | φᾰ́γομαι | φᾰ́γῃ, φᾰ́γει |
φᾰ́γεται | φᾰ́γεσθον | φᾰ́γεσθον | φᾰγόμεθᾰ | φᾰ́γεσθε | φᾰ́γονται | ||||
optative | φᾰγοίμην | φᾰ́γοιο | φᾰ́γοιτο | φᾰ́γοισθον | φᾰγοίσθην | φᾰγοίμεθᾰ | φᾰ́γοισθε | φᾰ́γοιντο | |||||
middle | |||||||||||||
infinitive | φᾰ́γεσθαι | ||||||||||||
participle | m | φᾰγόμενος | |||||||||||
f | φᾰγομένη | ||||||||||||
n | φᾰγόμενον | ||||||||||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation. |
Derived terms
References
- “ἔφαγον”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “ἔφαγον”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
- ἔφαγον in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- Bauer, Walter et al. (2001) A Greek–English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, Third edition, Chicago: University of Chicago Press
- ἔφαγον in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
- G5315 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
- Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), volume II, with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 1543
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