ḏbꜥ

Egyptian
Egyptian numbers (edit)
 ←  10  ←  1,000 𓂭
10,000		 100,000  →  1,000,000 (106)  → 
    Cardinal: ḏbꜥ
    Ordinal: mḥ-ḏbꜥ

Pronunciation
 
  • (reconstructed) IPA(key): /cʼaˈbaʕ/ → /tʼaˈbaʕ/ → /tʼəˈbaʕ/ → /tʼəˈβaʕ/

Numeral
Dba
  1. ten thousand
Inflection
Declension of ḏbꜥ
masculine feminine
singular ḏbꜥ
 —
Descendants
  • Akhmimic Coptic: ⲧⲃⲁ (tba)
  • Bohairic Coptic: ⲑⲃⲁ (thba)
  • Fayyumic Coptic: ⲧⲃⲉ (tbe)
  • Lycopolitan Coptic: ⲧⲃⲁ (tba)
  • Sahidic Coptic: ⲧⲃⲁ (tba)

Etymology 2

Compare with Arabic إصبع (ʔiṣbaʕ, “finger”) and Mina dzəbuŋ (“five”).

Pronunciation
 
  • (reconstructed) IPA(key): /ˈcʼuːbaʕ/ → /ˈtʼuːbaʕ/ → /ˈtʼuːbəʕ/ → /ˈtʼeːβəʕ/

Noun
Dba

 m

  1. (anatomy) finger (inclusive of the thumb) [since the Pyramid Texts]
  2. (anatomy, Late Egyptian) digit: a finger, thumb, or toe
  3. (units of measure) digit: a measure of length equal to 1⁄28 cubit (about 1.88 cm). [since the Old Kingdom]
  4. small quantity (of a substance such as fat or honey), the amount that can be scooped up by a fingertip [Medical Papyri]
Usage notes
In Old Egyptian the sign
Dba
in this word was generally mirrored compared to the orientation shown here. Later writings use the unmirrored orientation.

The dual form of this word is commonly used with plural meaning. Furthermore, in the 19th and 20th Dynasties the dual form of the suffix pronoun .fj is often found with this word, even when the word itself is in plural form.

Inflection
Declension of ḏbꜥ (masculine)
singular ḏbꜥ
dual ḏbꜥwj
plural ḏbꜥw
Alternative forms
Alternative hieroglyphic writings of ḏbꜥ  
D
b		 aDba
DbaZ1
DbaZ1
F51
ḏbꜥ ḏbꜥ ḏbꜥ
[Old Kingdom and Late Period] [chiefly since the Middle Kingdom] [chiefly since the New Kingdom]
in hieratic
Derived terms
Descendants
  • Akhmimic Coptic: ϯⲉⲓⲃⲉ (tieibe)
  • Bohairic Coptic: ⲧⲏⲃ (tēb)
  • Fayyumic Coptic: ⲧⲉⲉⲃⲉ (teebe)
  • Lycopolitan Coptic: ⲧⲏⲃⲉ (tēbe)
  • Sahidic Coptic: ⲧⲏⲏⲃⲉ (tēēbe)

Verb
DbaaA2

 3-lit.

  1. (intransitive, with m) to point one’s finger at, especially in reproach or objection [Middle Kingdom]
    • c. 1900 BCE, The Instructions of Kagemni (pPrisse/pBN 183) lines 1.4–1.5:
      At
      Z5      		 rapWk
      t      		 t
      nDs      		 dAirrwdA24ibZ1xawnDspWAf
      a
      E186
      iwDbaa
      t      		 A2im
      ꜣt pw ktt dꜣjr jb ḫw(w) pw ꜣfꜥ jw ḏbꜥ.t(w) jm
      Controlling oneself (lit. Subduing the heart) is a little moment; gluttony is something to be precluded, as it is pointed to in reproach.
  2. (transitive, with the heart as object) to rebuke (one’s heart) [Book of the Dead]
  3. (intransitive) to adulate, to pay homage (+ n: to) [Greco-Roman Period]
Inflection
Conjugation of ḏbꜥ (triliteral / 3-lit. / 3rad.) — base stem: ḏbꜥ, geminated stem: ḏbꜥꜥ
infinitival forms imperative
infinitive negatival complement complementary infinitive1 singular plural
ḏbꜥ
 ḏbꜥw, ḏbꜥ
 ḏbꜥt
 ḏbꜥ
 ḏbꜥ
‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem periphrastic imperfective2 periphrastic prospective2
ḏbꜥ
 ḥr ḏbꜥ
 m ḏbꜥ
 r ḏbꜥ
suffix conjugation
aspect / mood active passive contingent
aspect / mood active passive
perfect ḏbꜥ.n
 ḏbꜥw, ḏbꜥ
 consecutive ḏbꜥ.jn
 active + .tj1, .tw2
active + .tj1, .tw2
terminative ḏbꜥt
perfective3 ḏbꜥ
 active + .tj1, .tw2
 obligative1 ḏbꜥ.ḫr
 active + .tj1, .tw2
imperfective ḏbꜥ
 active + .tj1, .tw2
prospective3 ḏbꜥ
 ḏbꜥꜥ
 potentialis1 ḏbꜥ.kꜣ
 active + .tj1, .tw2
active + .tj1, .tw2
subjunctive ḏbꜥ
 active + .tj1, .tw2
verbal adjectives
aspect / mood relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms participles
active passive active passive
perfect ḏbꜥ.n
 active + .tj1, .tw2
 — —
perfective ḏbꜥ
 active + .tj1, .tw2
 ḏbꜥ
 ḏbꜥ, ḏbꜥw5, ḏbꜥy5
imperfective ḏbꜥ, ḏbꜥy, ḏbꜥw5
 active + .tj1, .tw2
 ḏbꜥ, ḏbꜥj6, ḏbꜥy6
 ḏbꜥ, ḏbꜥw5
prospective ḏbꜥ, ḏbꜥtj7
 — ḏbꜥtj4, ḏbꜥt4
  1. Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian.
  2. Used mostly since Middle Egyptian.
  3. Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective.
  4. Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn.
  5. Only in the masculine singular.
  6. Only in the masculine.
  7. Only in the feminine.
Alternative forms
Alternative hieroglyphic writings of ḏbꜥ  
Dba
a
ḏbꜥ
[Greco-Roman Period]
Derived terms

Pronunciation
 
  • (reconstructed) IPA(key): /ˈcʼaːbaʕ/ → /ˈtʼaːbaʕ/ → /ˈtʼaːbəʕ/ → /ˈtʼoːβəʕ/

Verb
Dba
a		 WY1A24

 3-lit.

  1. (transitive) to seal up (wine, grain, etc.)
  2. (transitive) to seal, to place a seal upon (+ m or (rarely) + ḥr: to seal with)
Inflection
Conjugation of ḏbꜥ (triliteral / 3-lit. / 3rad.) — base stem: ḏbꜥ, geminated stem: ḏbꜥꜥ
infinitival forms imperative
infinitive negatival complement complementary infinitive1 singular plural
ḏbꜥ
 ḏbꜥw, ḏbꜥ
 ḏbꜥt
 ḏbꜥ
 ḏbꜥ
‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem periphrastic imperfective2 periphrastic prospective2
ḏbꜥ
 ḥr ḏbꜥ
 m ḏbꜥ
 r ḏbꜥ
suffix conjugation
aspect / mood active passive contingent
aspect / mood active passive
perfect ḏbꜥ.n
 ḏbꜥw, ḏbꜥ
 consecutive ḏbꜥ.jn
 active + .tj1, .tw2
active + .tj1, .tw2
terminative ḏbꜥt
perfective3 ḏbꜥ
 active + .tj1, .tw2
 obligative1 ḏbꜥ.ḫr
 active + .tj1, .tw2
imperfective ḏbꜥ
 active + .tj1, .tw2
prospective3 ḏbꜥ
 ḏbꜥꜥ
 potentialis1 ḏbꜥ.kꜣ
 active + .tj1, .tw2
active + .tj1, .tw2
subjunctive ḏbꜥ
 active + .tj1, .tw2
verbal adjectives
aspect / mood relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms participles
active passive active passive
perfect ḏbꜥ.n
 active + .tj1, .tw2
 — —
perfective ḏbꜥ
 active + .tj1, .tw2
 ḏbꜥ
 ḏbꜥ, ḏbꜥw5, ḏbꜥy5
imperfective ḏbꜥ, ḏbꜥy, ḏbꜥw5
 active + .tj1, .tw2
 ḏbꜥ, ḏbꜥj6, ḏbꜥy6
 ḏbꜥ, ḏbꜥw5
prospective ḏbꜥ, ḏbꜥtj7
 — ḏbꜥtj4, ḏbꜥt4
  1. Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian.
  2. Used mostly since Middle Egyptian.
  3. Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective.
  4. Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn.
  5. Only in the masculine singular.
  6. Only in the masculine.
  7. Only in the feminine.
Alternative forms
Alternative hieroglyphic writings of ḏbꜥ  
D
b
a
ḏbꜥ
[Late Period]
Descendants
  • Akhmimic Coptic: ⲧⲟⲩⲃⲉ (toube)
  • Bohairic Coptic: ⲧⲱⲃ (tōb), ⲧⲱⲃⲓ (tōbi)
  • Sahidic Coptic: ⲧⲱⲱⲃⲉ (tōōbe)

References
  • “ḏbꜥ (lemma ID 183450)”, in Thesaurus Linguae Aegyptiae‎, Corpus issue 17, Web app version 2.01 edition, Tonio Sebastian Richter & Daniel A. Werning by order of the Berlin-Brandenburgische Akademie der Wissenschaften and Hans-Werner Fischer-Elfert & Peter Dils by order of the Sächsische Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Leipzig, 2004–15 December 2022
  • “ḏbꜥ (lemma ID 183430)”, in Thesaurus Linguae Aegyptiae‎, Corpus issue 17, Web app version 2.01 edition, Tonio Sebastian Richter & Daniel A. Werning by order of the Berlin-Brandenburgische Akademie der Wissenschaften and Hans-Werner Fischer-Elfert & Peter Dils by order of the Sächsische Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Leipzig, 2004–15 December 2022
  • “ḏbꜥ (lemma ID 183480)”, in Thesaurus Linguae Aegyptiae‎, Corpus issue 17, Web app version 2.01 edition, Tonio Sebastian Richter & Daniel A. Werning by order of the Berlin-Brandenburgische Akademie der Wissenschaften and Hans-Werner Fischer-Elfert & Peter Dils by order of the Sächsische Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Leipzig, 2004–15 December 2022
  • “ḏbꜥ (lemma ID 183470)”, in Thesaurus Linguae Aegyptiae‎, Corpus issue 17, Web app version 2.01 edition, Tonio Sebastian Richter & Daniel A. Werning by order of the Berlin-Brandenburgische Akademie der Wissenschaften and Hans-Werner Fischer-Elfert & Peter Dils by order of the Sächsische Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Leipzig, 2004–15 December 2022
  • “ḏbꜥ (lemma ID 183460)”, in Thesaurus Linguae Aegyptiae‎, Corpus issue 17, Web app version 2.01 edition, Tonio Sebastian Richter & Daniel A. Werning by order of the Berlin-Brandenburgische Akademie der Wissenschaften and Hans-Werner Fischer-Elfert & Peter Dils by order of the Sächsische Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Leipzig, 2004–15 December 2022
  • Erman, Adolf, Grapow, Hermann (1931) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache‎, volume 5, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN, pages 562.11–566.4, 566.12–567.3
  • Faulkner, Raymond Oliver (1962) A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian, Oxford: Griffith Institute, →ISBN, page 321
  • James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, pages 101–102, 105.
  • Vycichl, Werner (1983) Dictionnaire Étymologique de la Langue Copte, Leuven: Peeters, →ISBN, page 211
  1. Loprieno, Antonio (1995) Ancient Egyptian: A Linguistic Introduction, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, pages 42, 46, 71
  2. Compare Peust’s rendering ˈḏubꜥV, using different assumptions about Egyptian syllable structure: Peust, Carsten (1999) Egyptian Phonology: An Introduction to the Phonology of a Dead Language‎, Göttingen: Peust und Gutschmidt Verlag GbR, page 104
  3. Loprieno, Antonio (1995) Ancient Egyptian: A Linguistic Introduction, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 44
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