शुभ्र

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *śubʰrás, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ćubʰrás, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱubʰ-rós, from *ḱewbʰ- (“beautiful, clean”). Cognate with Old Armenian սուրբ (surb, “pure, holy”).

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /ɕubʱ.ɾɐ́/
• (Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈɕubʱ.ɾɐ/

शुभ्र • (śubhrá)

1. bright, radiant, shining
2. beautiful, splendid
   • c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 2.11.4:

     शुभ्रं नु ते शुष्मं वर्धयन्तः शुभ्रं वज्रं बाह्वोर्दधानाः।
     शुभ्रस्त्वमिन्द्र वावृधानो अस्मे दासीर्विशः सूर्येण सह्याः॥

     śubhraṃ nu te śuṣmaṃ vardhayantaḥ śubhraṃ vajraṃ bāhvordadhānāḥ.
     śubhrastvamindra vāvṛdhāno asme dāsīrviśaḥ sūryeṇa sahyāḥ.

     We who add strength to thine own splendid vigour, laying within thine arms the splendid thunder—
     With us mayst thou, O Indra, waxen splendid, with Sūrya overcome the Dāsa races.

3. clear, spotless

• → Telugu: శుభ్రము (śubhramu)

• Dardic:
  • Northwest Pashayi: [script needed] (šulā, “clay”)
• Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀲𑀼𑀩𑁆𑀪 (subbha, “white”)

• Monier Williams (1899) “शुभ्र”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 1084.
• Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎ (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, pages 647; 657-8
• Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “śubhrá”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press