लवण
Hindi
Pronunciation
- (Delhi Hindi) IPA(key): /lə.ʋəɳ/, [lɐ.ʋɐ̃ɳ]
Sanskrit
Alternative scripts
Alternative scripts
- লৱণ (Assamese script)
- ᬮᬯᬡ (Balinese script)
- লবণ (Bengali script)
- 𑰩𑰪𑰜 (Bhaiksuki script)
- 𑀮𑀯𑀡 (Brahmi script)
- လဝဏ (Burmese script)
- લવણ (Gujarati script)
- ਲਵਣ (Gurmukhi script)
- 𑌲𑌵𑌣 (Grantha script)
- ꦭꦮꦟ (Javanese script)
- 𑂪𑂫𑂝 (Kaithi script)
- ಲವಣ (Kannada script)
- លវណ (Khmer script)
- ລວຓ (Lao script)
- ലവണ (Malayalam script)
- ᠯᠠᠸᠠᢏᠠ (Manchu script)
- 𑘩𑘪𑘜 (Modi script)
- ᠯᠠᠸᠠᢏᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
- 𑧉𑧊𑦼 (Nandinagari script)
- 𑐮𑐰𑐞 (Newa script)
- ଲଵଣ (Odia script)
- ꢭꢮꢠ (Saurashtra script)
- 𑆬𑆮𑆟 (Sharada script)
- 𑖩𑖪𑖜 (Siddham script)
- ලවණ (Sinhalese script)
- 𑩽𑩾𑩪 (Soyombo script)
- 𑚥𑚦𑚘 (Takri script)
- லவண (Tamil script)
- లవణ (Telugu script)
- ลวณ (Thai script)
- ལ་ཝ་ཎ (Tibetan script)
- 𑒪𑒫𑒝 (Tirhuta script)
- 𑨬𑨭𑨘 (Zanabazar Square script)
Etymology
Uncertain. The meanings of both "salt" and "beauty" are also found in other languages; Lithuanian saldus (“sweet, charming”) is derived from Proto-Indo-European *séh₂ls (“salt”).[1] Buck compares लवङ्ग (lavaṅga, “clove”), originally "something cutting, sharp," from the root लू (lū, “to cut”), but this is dismissed as "forced" by Cai. Palsule compares रमण (ramaṇa, “pleasing, charming”), but Mayrhofer finds this unconvincing.[2]
Noun
लवण • (lavaṇa) stem, n
- salt (e.g. sea salt, rock salt, etc.)
- c. 400 BCE – 200 CE, Cāṇakya, Arthaśāstra 2.12.34:
- अतोअन्यो लवण-क्षार-वर्गः शुल्कं दद्यात् ॥
- atoanyo lavaṇa-kṣāra-vargaḥ śulkaṃ dadyāt.
- Translation by R. Shamasastry
- Salt and alkalines for purposes other than this shall be subject to the payment of toll.
- अतोअन्यो लवण-क्षार-वर्गः शुल्कं दद्यात् ॥
- beauty, lustre
Declension
| Neuter a-stem declension of लवण (lavaṇa) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| Nominative | लवणम् lavaṇam |
लवणे lavaṇe |
लवणानि / लवणा¹ lavaṇāni / lavaṇā¹ |
| Vocative | लवण lavaṇa |
लवणे lavaṇe |
लवणानि / लवणा¹ lavaṇāni / lavaṇā¹ |
| Accusative | लवणम् lavaṇam |
लवणे lavaṇe |
लवणानि / लवणा¹ lavaṇāni / lavaṇā¹ |
| Instrumental | लवणेन lavaṇena |
लवणाभ्याम् lavaṇābhyām |
लवणैः / लवणेभिः¹ lavaṇaiḥ / lavaṇebhiḥ¹ |
| Dative | लवणाय lavaṇāya |
लवणाभ्याम् lavaṇābhyām |
लवणेभ्यः lavaṇebhyaḥ |
| Ablative | लवणात् lavaṇāt |
लवणाभ्याम् lavaṇābhyām |
लवणेभ्यः lavaṇebhyaḥ |
| Genitive | लवणस्य lavaṇasya |
लवणयोः lavaṇayoḥ |
लवणानाम् lavaṇānām |
| Locative | लवणे lavaṇe |
लवणयोः lavaṇayoḥ |
लवणेषु lavaṇeṣu |
| Notes |
| ||
Declension
| Masculine a-stem declension of लवण (lavaṇa) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| Nominative | लवणः lavaṇaḥ |
लवणौ / लवणा¹ lavaṇau / lavaṇā¹ |
लवणाः / लवणासः¹ lavaṇāḥ / lavaṇāsaḥ¹ |
| Vocative | लवण lavaṇa |
लवणौ / लवणा¹ lavaṇau / lavaṇā¹ |
लवणाः / लवणासः¹ lavaṇāḥ / lavaṇāsaḥ¹ |
| Accusative | लवणम् lavaṇam |
लवणौ / लवणा¹ lavaṇau / lavaṇā¹ |
लवणान् lavaṇān |
| Instrumental | लवणेन lavaṇena |
लवणाभ्याम् lavaṇābhyām |
लवणैः / लवणेभिः¹ lavaṇaiḥ / lavaṇebhiḥ¹ |
| Dative | लवणाय lavaṇāya |
लवणाभ्याम् lavaṇābhyām |
लवणेभ्यः lavaṇebhyaḥ |
| Ablative | लवणात् lavaṇāt |
लवणाभ्याम् lavaṇābhyām |
लवणेभ्यः lavaṇebhyaḥ |
| Genitive | लवणस्य lavaṇasya |
लवणयोः lavaṇayoḥ |
लवणानाम् lavaṇānām |
| Locative | लवणे lavaṇe |
लवणयोः lavaṇayoḥ |
लवणेषु lavaṇeṣu |
| Notes |
| ||
Declension
| Masculine a-stem declension of लवण (lavaṇa) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| Nominative | लवणः lavaṇaḥ |
लवणौ / लवणा¹ lavaṇau / lavaṇā¹ |
लवणाः / लवणासः¹ lavaṇāḥ / lavaṇāsaḥ¹ |
| Vocative | लवण lavaṇa |
लवणौ / लवणा¹ lavaṇau / lavaṇā¹ |
लवणाः / लवणासः¹ lavaṇāḥ / lavaṇāsaḥ¹ |
| Accusative | लवणम् lavaṇam |
लवणौ / लवणा¹ lavaṇau / lavaṇā¹ |
लवणान् lavaṇān |
| Instrumental | लवणेन lavaṇena |
लवणाभ्याम् lavaṇābhyām |
लवणैः / लवणेभिः¹ lavaṇaiḥ / lavaṇebhiḥ¹ |
| Dative | लवणाय lavaṇāya |
लवणाभ्याम् lavaṇābhyām |
लवणेभ्यः lavaṇebhyaḥ |
| Ablative | लवणात् lavaṇāt |
लवणाभ्याम् lavaṇābhyām |
लवणेभ्यः lavaṇebhyaḥ |
| Genitive | लवणस्य lavaṇasya |
लवणयोः lavaṇayoḥ |
लवणानाम् lavaṇānām |
| Locative | लवणे lavaṇe |
लवणयोः lavaṇayoḥ |
लवणेषु lavaṇeṣu |
| Notes |
| ||
| Feminine ā-stem declension of लवणा (lavaṇā) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| Nominative | लवणा lavaṇā |
लवणे lavaṇe |
लवणाः lavaṇāḥ |
| Vocative | लवणे lavaṇe |
लवणे lavaṇe |
लवणाः lavaṇāḥ |
| Accusative | लवणाम् lavaṇām |
लवणे lavaṇe |
लवणाः lavaṇāḥ |
| Instrumental | लवणया / लवणा¹ lavaṇayā / lavaṇā¹ |
लवणाभ्याम् lavaṇābhyām |
लवणाभिः lavaṇābhiḥ |
| Dative | लवणायै lavaṇāyai |
लवणाभ्याम् lavaṇābhyām |
लवणाभ्यः lavaṇābhyaḥ |
| Ablative | लवणायाः / लवणायै² lavaṇāyāḥ / lavaṇāyai² |
लवणाभ्याम् lavaṇābhyām |
लवणाभ्यः lavaṇābhyaḥ |
| Genitive | लवणायाः / लवणायै² lavaṇāyāḥ / lavaṇāyai² |
लवणयोः lavaṇayoḥ |
लवणानाम् lavaṇānām |
| Locative | लवणायाम् lavaṇāyām |
लवणयोः lavaṇayoḥ |
लवणासु lavaṇāsu |
| Notes |
| ||
| Neuter a-stem declension of लवण (lavaṇa) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| Nominative | लवणम् lavaṇam |
लवणे lavaṇe |
लवणानि / लवणा¹ lavaṇāni / lavaṇā¹ |
| Vocative | लवण lavaṇa |
लवणे lavaṇe |
लवणानि / लवणा¹ lavaṇāni / lavaṇā¹ |
| Accusative | लवणम् lavaṇam |
लवणे lavaṇe |
लवणानि / लवणा¹ lavaṇāni / lavaṇā¹ |
| Instrumental | लवणेन lavaṇena |
लवणाभ्याम् lavaṇābhyām |
लवणैः / लवणेभिः¹ lavaṇaiḥ / lavaṇebhiḥ¹ |
| Dative | लवणाय lavaṇāya |
लवणाभ्याम् lavaṇābhyām |
लवणेभ्यः lavaṇebhyaḥ |
| Ablative | लवणात् lavaṇāt |
लवणाभ्याम् lavaṇābhyām |
लवणेभ्यः lavaṇebhyaḥ |
| Genitive | लवणस्य lavaṇasya |
लवणयोः lavaṇayoḥ |
लवणानाम् lavaṇānām |
| Locative | लवणे lavaṇe |
लवणयोः lavaṇayoḥ |
लवणेषु lavaṇeṣu |
| Notes |
| ||
Descendants
References
- Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “lavaṇá”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 637
- Monier Williams (1899) “लवण”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 898.
- The British Journal of Psychology. (1905). United Kingdom: University Press, p. 119
- Chinese Aesthetics: The Ordering of Literature, the Arts, and the Universe in the Six Dynasties. (2004). United States: University of Hawai'i Press, p. 118
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