बद्ध

Hindi

Etymology

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit बद्ध (baddhá).

Pronunciation

  • (Delhi Hindi) IPA(key): /bəd̪d̪ʱ/, [bɐd̪(ː)ʱ]

Adjective

बद्ध • (baddh) (indeclinable)

  1. bound, fastened, tied
    Synonym: बाँधा (bāndhā)
  2. restrained, limited
  3. fixed, joined; stuck

Derived terms

Pali

Alternative forms

Adjective

बद्ध

  1. Devanagari script form of baddha, which is past passive participle of बन्धति (bandhati, to bind)

Declension

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Indo-Iranian *bʰadᶻdʰás, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰn̥dʰ-tó-s, from *bʰendʰ- (to bind, bond). Cognate with Avestan 𐬠𐬀𐬯𐬙𐬀 (basta), Old Persian 𐎲𐎿𐎫 (b-s-t /⁠basta⁠/). Synchronically analysable as बन्ध् (bandh, root) + -त (-ta).

Pronunciation

  • (Vedic) IPA(key): /bɐd.dʱɐ́/, [bɐd̚.dʱɐ́]
  • (Classical) IPA(key): /ˈbɐd̪.d̪ʱɐ/, [ˈbɐd̪̚.d̪ʱɐ]

Participle

बद्ध • (baddhá) past passive participle (root बन्ध्)

  1. bound, tied, fettered, fixed, fastened, chained
  2. captured, imprisoned, caught, confined
  3. bound by the fetters of existence or evil
  4. hanged, hung
  5. tied up (as a braid of hair)

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of बद्ध (baddhá)
Singular Dual Plural
Nominative बद्धः
baddháḥ
बद्धौ / बद्धा¹
baddhaú / baddhā́¹
बद्धाः / बद्धासः¹
baddhā́ḥ / baddhā́saḥ¹
Vocative बद्ध
báddha
बद्धौ / बद्धा¹
báddhau / báddhā¹
बद्धाः / बद्धासः¹
báddhāḥ / báddhāsaḥ¹
Accusative बद्धम्
baddhám
बद्धौ / बद्धा¹
baddhaú / baddhā́¹
बद्धान्
baddhā́n
Instrumental बद्धेन
baddhéna
बद्धाभ्याम्
baddhā́bhyām
बद्धैः / बद्धेभिः¹
baddhaíḥ / baddhébhiḥ¹
Dative बद्धाय
baddhā́ya
बद्धाभ्याम्
baddhā́bhyām
बद्धेभ्यः
baddhébhyaḥ
Ablative बद्धात्
baddhā́t
बद्धाभ्याम्
baddhā́bhyām
बद्धेभ्यः
baddhébhyaḥ
Genitive बद्धस्य
baddhásya
बद्धयोः
baddháyoḥ
बद्धानाम्
baddhā́nām
Locative बद्धे
baddhé
बद्धयोः
baddháyoḥ
बद्धेषु
baddhéṣu
Notes
  • ¹Vedic
Feminine ā-stem declension of बद्धा (baddhā́)
Singular Dual Plural
Nominative बद्धा
baddhā́
बद्धे
baddhé
बद्धाः
baddhā́ḥ
Vocative बद्धे
báddhe
बद्धे
báddhe
बद्धाः
báddhāḥ
Accusative बद्धाम्
baddhā́m
बद्धे
baddhé
बद्धाः
baddhā́ḥ
Instrumental बद्धया / बद्धा¹
baddháyā / baddhā́¹
बद्धाभ्याम्
baddhā́bhyām
बद्धाभिः
baddhā́bhiḥ
Dative बद्धायै
baddhā́yai
बद्धाभ्याम्
baddhā́bhyām
बद्धाभ्यः
baddhā́bhyaḥ
Ablative बद्धायाः / बद्धायै²
baddhā́yāḥ / baddhā́yai²
बद्धाभ्याम्
baddhā́bhyām
बद्धाभ्यः
baddhā́bhyaḥ
Genitive बद्धायाः / बद्धायै²
baddhā́yāḥ / baddhā́yai²
बद्धयोः
baddháyoḥ
बद्धानाम्
baddhā́nām
Locative बद्धायाम्
baddhā́yām
बद्धयोः
baddháyoḥ
बद्धासु
baddhā́su
Notes
  • ¹Vedic
  • ²Brāhmaṇas
Neuter a-stem declension of बद्ध (baddhá)
Singular Dual Plural
Nominative बद्धम्
baddhám
बद्धे
baddhé
बद्धानि / बद्धा¹
baddhā́ni / baddhā́¹
Vocative बद्ध
báddha
बद्धे
báddhe
बद्धानि / बद्धा¹
báddhāni / báddhā¹
Accusative बद्धम्
baddhám
बद्धे
baddhé
बद्धानि / बद्धा¹
baddhā́ni / baddhā́¹
Instrumental बद्धेन
baddhéna
बद्धाभ्याम्
baddhā́bhyām
बद्धैः / बद्धेभिः¹
baddhaíḥ / baddhébhiḥ¹
Dative बद्धाय
baddhā́ya
बद्धाभ्याम्
baddhā́bhyām
बद्धेभ्यः
baddhébhyaḥ
Ablative बद्धात्
baddhā́t
बद्धाभ्याम्
baddhā́bhyām
बद्धेभ्यः
baddhébhyaḥ
Genitive बद्धस्य
baddhásya
बद्धयोः
baddháyoḥ
बद्धानाम्
baddhā́nām
Locative बद्धे
baddhé
बद्धयोः
baddháyoḥ
बद्धेषु
baddhéṣu
Notes
  • ¹Vedic

Derived terms

Descendants

  • Ashokan Prakrit: 𑀩𑀥 (badha /⁠baddha⁠/)
    • Magadhi Prakrit: 𑀩𑀤𑁆𑀥 (baddha)
    • Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀩𑀤𑁆𑀥 (baddha)
    • Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀩𑀤𑁆𑀥 (baddha)
      • Gujarati: બાધું (bādhũ)
      • Punjabi:
        Gurmukhi script: ਬੱਧਾ (baddhā)
        Shahmukhi script: بَدّھا (baddhā)
      • Sindhi:
        Arabic script: ٻَڌو
        Devanagari script: ॿधो
  • Helu Prakrit:
    • Sinhalese: බද (bada)
  • Pali: baddha
  • Bengali: বদ্ধ (boddho)
  • Gujarati: બદ્ધ (baddh)
  • Hindi: बद्ध (baddh)
  • Kannada: ಬದ್ಧ (baddha)
  • Malayalam: ബദ്ധം (baddhaṁ)
  • Marathi: बद्ध (baddha)

References

  • Monier Williams (1899) “बद्ध”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, [], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, pages 719/3, 720/2.
  • Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan] (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 208
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