नियम

Hindi

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit नियम (niyama).

Pronunciation

(Delhi Hindi) IPA^(key): /nɪ.jəm/, [ni.jɐ̃m]

Noun

नियम • (niyam) m (Urdu spelling نیم)

rule, law, principle, observance
यह नियम नहीं लगता है। ― yah niyam nahī̃ lagtā hai. ― This rule does not apply.

Declension

Declension of नियम (masc cons-stem)

	singular	plural
direct	नियम niyam	नियम niyam
oblique	नियम niyam	नियमों niyamõ
vocative	नियम niyam	नियमो niyamo

Synonyms

क़ायदा (qāydā)
उसूल (usūl)

Derived terms

अधिनियम (adhiniyam, “act”)
अधिनियमन (adhiniyaman, “enactment”)
अधिनियमित (adhiniyamit, “enacted”)
अधिनियमित करना (adhiniyamit karnā, “to enact”)
अनियमित (aniyamit, “unbound, unconstrained”)
नियम-पत्र (niyam-patra, “written agreement”)
नियमन (niyaman, “regulation”)
नियमपूर्वक (niyampūrvak, “according to rule”)
नियमबद्ध (niyambaddh, “orderly, bound”)
नियमानुकूल (niymānukūl, “orderly, bound”)
नियमानुसार (niymānusār, “systematically”)
नियमावली (niymāvlī, “body of rules, manual”)
नियमित (niyamit, “bound, constrained”)
नियमित करना (niyamit karnā, “to regularize”)
नियमितीकरण (niyamitīkaraṇ, “regularization”)
नियमी (niyamī, “regular, punctual”)
विनियम (viniyam, “a regulation”)
विनियमन (viniyaman, “regulation”)
विनियमित (viniyamit, “regulated”)

Related terms

नियत (niyat)

References

Bahri, Hardev (1989) “नियम”, in Siksarthi Hindi-Angrejhi Sabdakosa [Learners' Hindi-English Dictionary], Delhi: Rajpal & Sons.
Caturvedi, Mahendra, Bhola Nath Tiwari (1970) “नियम”, in A practical Hindi-English dictionary, Delhi: National Publishing House
“नियम”, in Collins Gem Hindi-English Dictionary, Collins, 2011, →ISBN
Dāsa, Śyāmasundara (1965–1975) “नियम”, in Hindī Śabdasāgara [lit. Sea of Hindi words] (in Hindi), Kashi [Varanasi]: Nagari Pracarini Sabha
McGregor, Ronald Stuart (1993) “नियम”, in The Oxford Hindi-English Dictionary, London: Oxford University Press
Platts, John T. (1884) “नियम”, in A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English, London: W. H. Allen & Co.

Marathi

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit नियम (niyama).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ni.jəm/
Audio (file)

Noun

नियम • (niyam) m

rule, law
Synonym: कायदा (kāydā)

Declension

Declension of नियम (masc cons-stem)
direct singular	नियम niyam
direct plural	नियम niyam
	singular एकवचन	plural अनेकवचन
nominative प्रथमा	नियम niyam	नियम niyam
oblique सामान्यरूप	नियमा niyamā	नियमां- niyamān-
acc. / dative द्वितीया / चतुर्थी	नियमाला niyamālā	नियमांना niyamānnā
ergative	नियमाने, नियमानं niyamāne, niyamāna	नियमांनी niyamānnī
instrumental	नियमाशी niyamāśī	नियमांशी niyamānśī
locative सप्तमी	नियमात niyamāt	नियमांत niyamāt
vocative संबोधन	नियमा niyamā	नियमांनो niyamānno
Oblique Note: The oblique case precedes all postpositions. There is no space between the stem and the postposition. Locative Note: -त (-ta) is a postposition.

Genitive declension of नियम (masc cons-stem)
	masculine object पुल्लिंगी कर्म		feminine object स्त्रीलिंगी कर्म		neuter object नपुसकलिंगी कर्म		oblique सामान्यरूप
	singular एकवचन	plural अनेकवचन	singular एकवचन	plural अनेकवचन	singular^* एकवचन	plural अनेकवचन	oblique सामान्यरूप
singular subject एकवचनी कर्ता	नियमाचा niyamāċā	नियमाचे niyamāċe	नियमाची niyamācī	नियमाच्या niyamācā	नियमाचे, नियमाचं niyamāċe, niyamāċa	नियमाची niyamācī	नियमाच्या niyamācā
plural subject अनेकवचनी कर्ता	नियमांचा niyamānċā	नियमांचे niyamānċe	नियमांची niyamāñcī	नियमांच्या niyamāncā	नियमांचे, नियमांचं niyamānċe, niyamānċa	नियमांची niyamāñcī	नियमांच्या niyamāñcā
^* Note: Word-final ए (e) in neuter words is alternatively written with the anusvara and pronounced as अ (a). Oblique Note: For most postpostions, the oblique genitive can be optionally inserted between the stem and the postposition.

References

Berntsen, Maxine, “नियम”, in A Basic Marathi-English Dictionary, New Delhi: American Institute of Indian Studies, 1982-1983.
Molesworth, James Thomas (1857) “नियम”, in A dictionary, Marathi and English, Bombay: Printed for government at the Bombay Education Society's Press
Shridhar Ganesh Vaze (1911) “नियम”, in The Aryabhusan School Dictionary, Poona: Arya-Bhushan Press

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

নিয়ম (Assamese script)
ᬦᬶᬬᬫ (Balinese script)
নিয়ম (Bengali script)
𑰡𑰰𑰧𑰦 (Bhaiksuki script)
𑀦𑀺𑀬𑀫 (Brahmi script)
နိယမ (Burmese script)
નિયમ (Gujarati script)
ਨਿਯਮ (Gurmukhi script)
𑌨𑌿𑌯𑌮 (Grantha script)
ꦤꦶꦪꦩ (Javanese script)
𑂢𑂱𑂨𑂧 (Kaithi script)
ನಿಯಮ (Kannada script)
និយម (Khmer script)
ນິຍມ (Lao script)
നിയമ (Malayalam script)
ᠨᡳᠶᠠᠮᠠ (Manchu script)
𑘡𑘱𑘧𑘦 (Modi script)
ᠨᠢᠶ᠋ᠠᠮᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
𑧁𑧒𑧇𑧆 (Nandinagari script)
𑐣𑐶𑐫𑐩 (Newa script)
ନିଯମ (Odia script)
ꢥꢶꢫꢪ (Saurashtra script)
𑆤𑆴𑆪𑆩 (Sharada script)
𑖡𑖰𑖧𑖦 (Siddham script)
නියම (Sinhalese script)
𑩯𑩑𑩻𑩴 (Soyombo script)
𑚝𑚮𑚣𑚢 (Takri script)
நியம (Tamil script)
నియమ (Telugu script)
นิยม (Thai script)
ནི་ཡ་མ (Tibetan script)
𑒢𑒱𑒨𑒧 (Tirhuta script)
𑨝𑨁𑨪𑨢 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

नि- (ni-) +‎ यम् (yam).

Pronunciation

(Vedic) IPA^(key): /ni.jɐ.mɐ́/
(Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈn̪i.jɐ.mɐ/

Noun

नियम • (niyamá) stem, m

restraining, checking, holding back, preventing, controlling
law, rule

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of नियम (niyamá)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	नियमः niyamáḥ	नियमौ / नियमा¹ niyamaú / niyamā́¹	नियमाः / नियमासः¹ niyamā́ḥ / niyamā́saḥ¹
Vocative	नियम níyama	नियमौ / नियमा¹ níyamau / níyamā¹	नियमाः / नियमासः¹ níyamāḥ / níyamāsaḥ¹
Accusative	नियमम् niyamám	नियमौ / नियमा¹ niyamaú / niyamā́¹	नियमान् niyamā́n
Instrumental	नियमेन niyaména	नियमाभ्याम् niyamā́bhyām	नियमैः / नियमेभिः¹ niyamaíḥ / niyamébhiḥ¹
Dative	नियमाय niyamā́ya	नियमाभ्याम् niyamā́bhyām	नियमेभ्यः niyamébhyaḥ
Ablative	नियमात् niyamā́t	नियमाभ्याम् niyamā́bhyām	नियमेभ्यः niyamébhyaḥ
Genitive	नियमस्य niyamásya	नियमयोः niyamáyoḥ	नियमानाम् niyamā́nām
Locative	नियमे niyamé	नियमयोः niyamáyoḥ	नियमेषु niyaméṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

Descendants

Pali: niyama
→ Hindi: नियम (niyam)
→ Bengali: নিয়ম (niẏom)
Punjabi: ਨਿਆਂ (niā̃, “justice”), ਨੇਮ (nem, “rule”), → ਨਿਯਮ (niyam) (learned)

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