जामातृ

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

জামাতৃ (Assamese script)
ᬚᬵᬫᬵᬢᬺ (Balinese script)
জামাতৃ (Bengali script)
𑰕𑰯𑰦𑰯𑰝𑰴 (Bhaiksuki script)
𑀚𑀸𑀫𑀸𑀢𑀾 (Brahmi script)
ဇာမာတၖ (Burmese script)
જામાતૃ (Gujarati script)
ਜਾਮਾਤ੍ਰ (Gurmukhi script)
𑌜𑌾𑌮𑌾𑌤𑍃 (Grantha script)
ꦗꦴꦩꦴꦠꦽ (Javanese script)
𑂔𑂰𑂧𑂰𑂞𑃂 (Kaithi script)
ಜಾಮಾತೃ (Kannada script)
ជាមាត្ឫ (Khmer script)
ຊາມາຕ຺ຣິ (Lao script)
ജാമാതൃ (Malayalam script)
ᡯᠠ᠎᠊ᠠᠮᠠ᠎᠊ᠠᢠᡵᡳ (Manchu script)
𑘕𑘰𑘦𑘰𑘝𑘵 (Modi script)
ᠽᠠᢗᠮᠠᢗᢐᠷᠢ (Mongolian script)
𑦵𑧑𑧆𑧑𑦽𑧖 (Nandinagari script)
𑐖𑐵𑐩𑐵𑐟𑐺 (Newa script)
ଜାମାତୃ (Odia script)
ꢙꢵꢪꢵꢡꢺ (Saurashtra script)
𑆘𑆳𑆩𑆳𑆠𑆸 (Sharada script)
𑖕𑖯𑖦𑖯𑖝𑖴 (Siddham script)
ජාමාතෘ (Sinhalese script)
𑩣𑩛𑩴𑩛𑩫𑩙 (Soyombo script)
𑚑𑚭𑚢𑚭𑚙 (Takri script)
ஜாமாத்ரி (Tamil script)
జామాతృ (Telugu script)
ชามาตฺฤ (Thai script)
ཛཱ་མཱ་ཏྲྀ (Tibetan script)
𑒖𑒰𑒧𑒰𑒞𑒵 (Tirhuta script)
𑨥𑨊𑨢𑨊𑨙𑨼𑨉 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *ȷ́ā́mātā (“son-in-law”), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵem- (“to marry”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬰𐬁𐬨𐬁𐬙𐬀𐬭 (zāmātar, “son-in-law”), Persian (dâmâd), Ancient Greek γαμβρός (gambrós, “any relative by marriage”), γάμος (gámos) (whence English -gamy).

Pronunciation

(Vedic) IPA^(key): /d͡ʑɑ́ː.mɑː.tr̩/
(Classical) IPA^(key): /d͡ʑɑːˈmɑː.t̪r̩/

Noun

जामातृ • (jā́mātṛ) stem, m

a son-in-law
- c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 8.26.21:
  तव वायव् ऋतस्पते त्वष्टुर् जामातर् अद्भुत ।
  अवांस्य् आ वृणीमहे ॥
  tava vāyav ṛtaspate tvaṣṭur jāmātar adbhuta.
  avāṃsy ā vṛṇīmahe.
  Wonderful Vāyu, Lord of the Order, O thou who art Tvaṣṭar's son-in-law,
  Thy saving succour we elect.

Declension

Both 'a' and 'ā' occur in the strong stem:

Masculine ṛ-stem declension of जामातृ (jā́mātṛ)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	जामाता jā́mātā	जामातरौ / जामातरा¹ jā́mātarau / jā́mātarā¹	जामातरः jā́mātaraḥ
Vocative	जामातः jā́mātaḥ	जामातरौ / जामातरा¹ jā́mātarau / jā́mātarā¹	जामातरः jā́mātaraḥ
Accusative	जामातरम् jā́mātaram	जामातरौ / जामातरा¹ jā́mātarau / jā́mātarā¹	जामातॄन् jā́mātṝn
Instrumental	जामात्रा jā́mātrā	जामातृभ्याम् jā́mātṛbhyām	जामातृभिः jā́mātṛbhiḥ
Dative	जामात्रे jā́mātre	जामातृभ्याम् jā́mātṛbhyām	जामातृभ्यः jā́mātṛbhyaḥ
Ablative	जामातुः jā́mātuḥ	जामातृभ्याम् jā́mātṛbhyām	जामातृभ्यः jā́mātṛbhyaḥ
Genitive	जामातुः jā́mātuḥ	जामात्रोः jā́mātroḥ	जामातॄणाम् jā́mātṝṇām
Locative	जामातरि jā́mātari	जामात्रोः jā́mātroḥ	जामातृषु jā́mātṛṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

Masculine ṛ-stem declension of जामातृ (jā́mātṛ)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	जामाता jā́mātā	जामातारौ / जामातारा¹ jā́mātārau / jā́mātārā¹	जामातारः jā́mātāraḥ
Vocative	जामातः jā́mātaḥ	जामातारौ / जामातारा¹ jā́mātārau / jā́mātārā¹	जामातारः jā́mātāraḥ
Accusative	जामातारम् jā́mātāram	जामातारौ / जामातारा¹ jā́mātārau / jā́mātārā¹	जामातॄन् jā́mātṝn
Instrumental	जामात्रा jā́mātrā	जामातृभ्याम् jā́mātṛbhyām	जामातृभिः jā́mātṛbhiḥ
Dative	जामात्रे jā́mātre	जामातृभ्याम् jā́mātṛbhyām	जामातृभ्यः jā́mātṛbhyaḥ
Ablative	जामातुः jā́mātuḥ	जामातृभ्याम् jā́mātṛbhyām	जामातृभ्यः jā́mātṛbhyaḥ
Genitive	जामातुः jā́mātuḥ	जामात्रोः jā́mātroḥ	जामातॄणाम् jā́mātṝṇām
Locative	जामातरि jā́mātari	जामात्रोः jā́mātroḥ	जामातृषु jā́mātṛṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

Descendants

Dardic:
- Kalasha: ǰamów
- Kashmiri: زامتُر (zāmtur)
- Khowar: جَمار (jamaár)
Helu Prakrit:
- Dhivehi: ދަނބި (daᵐbi)
Khasa Prakrit:
- Nepali: ज्वाइँ (jwāĩ)
Magadhi Prakrit:
- Bengali-Assamese:
  - Early Assamese: জমাই (jomai)
    - Assamese: জোঁৱাই (zü̃ai)
  - Bengali: জামাই (jamai)
  - Kamta: জাঙৈ (zaṅoi)
  - Sylheti: ꠎꠣꠝꠣꠁ (zamai), ꠎꠥꠀꠁ (zuai)
- Odia: ଜ୍ୱାଇଁ (jwaĩ)
Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀚𑀸𑀫𑀸𑀉𑀅 (jāmāua)
- *𑀚𑀸𑀫𑀸𑀇𑀅 ~ * 𑀚𑀸𑀫𑀸𑀤𑀺𑀅 (*jāmāia ~ * jāmādia)
  - Gujarati: જમાઈ (jamāī)
  - Hindustani: jamāī, jãvāī
    Hindi: जमाई, जँवाई
    Urdu: جَمائی (jamāī), جَن٘وائی (jãvāī)
  - Nepali: ज्वाइँ (jwāĩ)
  - Konkani: jā̃vãy
    Devanagari script: जांवंय
    Kannada script: ಜಾಂವಂಯ್
    Latin script: zanvoim
  - Old Marathi:
    Devanagari script: जावाइ (jāvāi), जावाई (jāvāī)
    Modi script: 𑘕𑘰𑘪𑘰𑘃 (jāvāī)
    - Marathi: जावई (jāvaī)
  - Odia: ଜ୍ୱାଇଁ (jwaĩ)
- 𑀚𑀸𑀫𑀸𑀉𑀬 (jāmāuya) — Jain Maharastri, 𑀚𑀸𑀫𑀸𑀤𑀼𑀅 (jāmādua) — Sauraseni
Paisaci Prakrit:
- Takka Apabhramsa:
  - Punjabi:
    Gurmukhi script: ਜਵਾਈ (javāī)
    
    Shahmukhi script: جَوائی
- Vracada Apabhramsa:
  - Sindhi:
    Arabic script: ڄاٽرو
    
    Devanagari script: ॼाट्रो
Pali: jāmātu
Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀚𑀸𑀫𑀸𑀤𑀼𑀅 (jāmādua)
- Gurjar Apabhramsa:
  - Old Gujarati: जमाई (jamāī)
    - Gujarati: જમાઈ (jamāī)
    - Marwari: जमाई (jamāī)
- Sauraseni Apabhramsa:
  - Hindustani:
    Hindi: जँवाई (jãvāī), जमाई (jamāī)
    
    Urdu: جنوائی (jnvāī), جمائی
- Romani: ʒamutro

References

Monier Williams (1899) “जामातृ”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 0419.

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