चष्मा
Marathi
Alternative forms
- चश्मा (caśmā)
Etymology
Ultimately from Classical Persian چشم (čašm, “eye”), from Middle Persian AYNE, čšm (čašm, “eye”), from Old Persian 𐎨𐏁𐎠𐎶𐎴 (c-š-ma-n), from Proto-Iranian *čášma, *čašman, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *čáćšma (“sight”). Cognate with Assamese চছমা (sosoma), Bengali চশমা (cośma), Gujarati ચશ્માં (caśmā̃), Hindi चश्मा (caśmā), Punjabi ਚਸ਼ਮਾ (caśmā).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /t͡ɕəʂ.ma/
Declension
| Declension of चष्मा (masc ā-stem) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| direct singular |
चष्मा caṣmā | ||
| direct plural |
चष्मे caṣme | ||
| singular एकवचन |
plural अनेकवचन | ||
| nominative प्रथमा |
चष्मा caṣmā |
चष्मे caṣme | |
| oblique सामान्यरूप |
चष्म्या caṣmyā |
चष्म्यां- caṣmyān- | |
| acc. / dative द्वितीया / चतुर्थी |
चष्म्याला caṣmyālā |
चष्म्यांना caṣmyānnā | |
| ergative | चष्म्याने, चष्म्यानं caṣmyāne, caṣmyāna |
चष्म्यांनी caṣmyānnī | |
| instrumental | चष्म्याशी caṣmyāśī |
चष्म्यांशी caṣmyānśī | |
| locative सप्तमी |
चष्म्यात caṣmyāt |
चष्म्यांत caṣmyāt | |
| vocative संबोधन |
चष्म्या caṣmyā |
चष्म्यांनो caṣmyānno | |
| Oblique Note: The oblique case precedes all postpositions. There is no space between the stem and the postposition. Locative Note: -त (-ta) is a postposition. | |||
| Genitive declension of चष्मा (masc ā-stem) | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| masculine object पुल्लिंगी कर्म |
feminine object स्त्रीलिंगी कर्म |
neuter object नपुसकलिंगी कर्म |
oblique सामान्यरूप | |||||
| singular एकवचन |
plural अनेकवचन |
singular एकवचन |
plural अनेकवचन |
singular* एकवचन |
plural अनेकवचन |
|||
| singular subject एकवचनी कर्ता |
चष्म्याचा caṣmyāċā |
चष्म्याचे caṣmyāċe |
चष्म्याची caṣmyācī |
चष्म्याच्या caṣmyācā |
चष्म्याचे, चष्म्याचं caṣmyāċe, caṣmyāċa |
चष्म्याची caṣmyācī |
चष्म्याच्या caṣmyācā | |
| plural subject अनेकवचनी कर्ता |
चष्म्यांचा caṣmyānċā |
चष्म्यांचे caṣmyānċe |
चष्म्यांची caṣmyāñcī |
चष्म्यांच्या caṣmyāncā |
चष्म्यांचे, चष्म्यांचं caṣmyānċe, caṣmyānċa |
चष्म्यांची caṣmyāñcī |
चष्म्यांच्या caṣmyāñcā | |
| * Note: Word-final ए (e) in neuter words is alternatively written with the anusvara and pronounced as अ (a). Oblique Note: For most postpostions, the oblique genitive can be optionally inserted between the stem and the postposition. | ||||||||
References
- Berntsen, Maxine, “चष्मा”, in A Basic Marathi-English Dictionary, New Delhi: American Institute of Indian Studies, 1982-1983.
- Molesworth, James Thomas (1857) “चश्मा”, in A dictionary, Marathi and English, Bombay: Printed for government at the Bombay Education Society's Press
- दाते, यशवंत रामकृष्ण [Date, Yashwant Ramkrishna] (1932-1950) “चश्मा”, in महाराष्ट्र शब्दकोश (mahārāṣṭra śabdakoś) (in Marathi), पुणे [Pune]: महाराष्ट्र कोशमंडळ (mahārāṣṭra kośmaṇḍaḷ).
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