घृत
See also: घात
Sanskrit
Alternative scripts
Alternative scripts
- ঘৃত (Assamese script)
- ᬖᬺᬢ (Balinese script)
- ঘৃত (Bengali script)
- 𑰑𑰴𑰝 (Bhaiksuki script)
- 𑀖𑀾𑀢 (Brahmi script)
- ဃၖတ (Burmese script)
- ઘૃત (Gujarati script)
- ਘ੍ਰਤ (Gurmukhi script)
- 𑌘𑍃𑌤 (Grantha script)
- ꦓꦽꦠ (Javanese script)
- 𑂐𑃂𑂞 (Kaithi script)
- ಘೃತ (Kannada script)
- ឃ្ឫត (Khmer script)
- ຆ຺ຣິຕ (Lao script)
- ഘൃത (Malayalam script)
- ᢚᡵᡳᢠᠠ (Manchu script)
- 𑘑𑘵𑘝 (Modi script)
- ᠺᠾᠷᠢᢐᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
- 𑦱𑧖𑦽 (Nandinagari script)
- 𑐑𑐺𑐟 (Newa script)
- ଘୃତ (Odia script)
- ꢕꢺꢡ (Saurashtra script)
- 𑆔𑆸𑆠 (Sharada script)
- 𑖑𑖴𑖝 (Siddham script)
- ඝෘත (Sinhalese script)
- 𑩟𑩙𑩫 (Soyombo script)
- 𑚍𑚙 (Takri script)
- க்⁴ரித (Tamil script)
- ఘృత (Telugu script)
- ฆฺฤต (Thai script)
- གྷྲྀ་ཏ (Tibetan script)
- 𑒒𑒵𑒞 (Tirhuta script)
- 𑨎𑨼𑨉𑨙 (Zanabazar Square script)
Etymology 1
From घृ (ghṛ, “to rub, to ceremonially anoint, to sprinkle”) + -त (-ta, verbal adjective suffix).
Cognate with Ancient Greek χριστός (khristós, “rubbed, anointed”) whence English Christ.
Declension
| Masculine a-stem declension of घृत | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Nom. sg. | घृतः (ghṛtaḥ) | ||
| Gen. sg. | घृतस्य (ghṛtasya) | ||
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| Nominative | घृतः (ghṛtaḥ) | घृतौ (ghṛtau) | घृताः (ghṛtāḥ) |
| Vocative | घृत (ghṛta) | घृतौ (ghṛtau) | घृताः (ghṛtāḥ) |
| Accusative | घृतम् (ghṛtam) | घृतौ (ghṛtau) | घृतान् (ghṛtān) |
| Instrumental | घृतेन (ghṛtena) | घृताभ्याम् (ghṛtābhyām) | घृतैः (ghṛtaiḥ) |
| Dative | घृताय (ghṛtāya) | घृताभ्याम् (ghṛtābhyām) | घृतेभ्यः (ghṛtebhyaḥ) |
| Ablative | घृतात् (ghṛtāt) | घृताभ्याम् (ghṛtābhyām) | घृतेभ्यः (ghṛtebhyaḥ) |
| Genitive | घृतस्य (ghṛtasya) | घृतयोः (ghṛtayoḥ) | घृतानाम् (ghṛtānām) |
| Locative | घृते (ghṛte) | घृतयोः (ghṛtayoḥ) | घृतेषु (ghṛteṣu) |
| Feminine ā-stem declension of घृत | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Nom. sg. | घृता (ghṛtā) | ||
| Gen. sg. | घृतायाः (ghṛtāyāḥ) | ||
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| Nominative | घृता (ghṛtā) | घृते (ghṛte) | घृताः (ghṛtāḥ) |
| Vocative | घृते (ghṛte) | घृते (ghṛte) | घृताः (ghṛtāḥ) |
| Accusative | घृताम् (ghṛtām) | घृते (ghṛte) | घृताः (ghṛtāḥ) |
| Instrumental | घृतया (ghṛtayā) | घृताभ्याम् (ghṛtābhyām) | घृताभिः (ghṛtābhiḥ) |
| Dative | घृतायै (ghṛtāyai) | घृताभ्याम् (ghṛtābhyām) | घृताभ्यः (ghṛtābhyaḥ) |
| Ablative | घृतायाः (ghṛtāyāḥ) | घृताभ्याम् (ghṛtābhyām) | घृताभ्यः (ghṛtābhyaḥ) |
| Genitive | घृतायाः (ghṛtāyāḥ) | घृतयोः (ghṛtayoḥ) | घृतानाम् (ghṛtānām) |
| Locative | घृतायाम् (ghṛtāyām) | घृतयोः (ghṛtayoḥ) | घृतासु (ghṛtāsu) |
| Neuter a-stem declension of घृत | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Nom. sg. | घृतम् (ghṛtam) | ||
| Gen. sg. | घृतस्य (ghṛtasya) | ||
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| Nominative | घृतम् (ghṛtam) | घृते (ghṛte) | घृतानि (ghṛtāni) |
| Vocative | घृत (ghṛta) | घृते (ghṛte) | घृतानि (ghṛtāni) |
| Accusative | घृतम् (ghṛtam) | घृते (ghṛte) | घृतानि (ghṛtāni) |
| Instrumental | घृतेन (ghṛtena) | घृताभ्याम् (ghṛtābhyām) | घृतैः (ghṛtaiḥ) |
| Dative | घृताय (ghṛtāya) | घृताभ्याम् (ghṛtābhyām) | घृतेभ्यः (ghṛtebhyaḥ) |
| Ablative | घृतात् (ghṛtāt) | घृताभ्याम् (ghṛtābhyām) | घृतेभ्यः (ghṛtebhyaḥ) |
| Genitive | घृतस्य (ghṛtasya) | घृतयोः (ghṛtayoḥ) | घृतानाम् (ghṛtānām) |
| Locative | घृते (ghṛte) | घृतयोः (ghṛtayoḥ) | घृतेषु (ghṛteṣu) |
Declension
| Masculine a-stem declension of घृत | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Nom. sg. | घृतः (ghṛtaḥ) | ||
| Gen. sg. | घृतस्य (ghṛtasya) | ||
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| Nominative | घृतः (ghṛtaḥ) | घृतौ (ghṛtau) | घृताः (ghṛtāḥ) |
| Vocative | घृत (ghṛta) | घृतौ (ghṛtau) | घृताः (ghṛtāḥ) |
| Accusative | घृतम् (ghṛtam) | घृतौ (ghṛtau) | घृतान् (ghṛtān) |
| Instrumental | घृतेन (ghṛtena) | घृताभ्याम् (ghṛtābhyām) | घृतैः (ghṛtaiḥ) |
| Dative | घृताय (ghṛtāya) | घृताभ्याम् (ghṛtābhyām) | घृतेभ्यः (ghṛtebhyaḥ) |
| Ablative | घृतात् (ghṛtāt) | घृताभ्याम् (ghṛtābhyām) | घृतेभ्यः (ghṛtebhyaḥ) |
| Genitive | घृतस्य (ghṛtasya) | घृतयोः (ghṛtayoḥ) | घृतानाम् (ghṛtānām) |
| Locative | घृते (ghṛte) | घृतयोः (ghṛtayoḥ) | घृतेषु (ghṛteṣu) |
| Feminine ā-stem declension of घृत | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Nom. sg. | घृता (ghṛtā) | ||
| Gen. sg. | घृतायाः (ghṛtāyāḥ) | ||
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| Nominative | घृता (ghṛtā) | घृते (ghṛte) | घृताः (ghṛtāḥ) |
| Vocative | घृते (ghṛte) | घृते (ghṛte) | घृताः (ghṛtāḥ) |
| Accusative | घृताम् (ghṛtām) | घृते (ghṛte) | घृताः (ghṛtāḥ) |
| Instrumental | घृतया (ghṛtayā) | घृताभ्याम् (ghṛtābhyām) | घृताभिः (ghṛtābhiḥ) |
| Dative | घृतायै (ghṛtāyai) | घृताभ्याम् (ghṛtābhyām) | घृताभ्यः (ghṛtābhyaḥ) |
| Ablative | घृतायाः (ghṛtāyāḥ) | घृताभ्याम् (ghṛtābhyām) | घृताभ्यः (ghṛtābhyaḥ) |
| Genitive | घृतायाः (ghṛtāyāḥ) | घृतयोः (ghṛtayoḥ) | घृतानाम् (ghṛtānām) |
| Locative | घृतायाम् (ghṛtāyām) | घृतयोः (ghṛtayoḥ) | घृतासु (ghṛtāsu) |
| Neuter a-stem declension of घृत | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Nom. sg. | घृतम् (ghṛtam) | ||
| Gen. sg. | घृतस्य (ghṛtasya) | ||
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| Nominative | घृतम् (ghṛtam) | घृते (ghṛte) | घृतानि (ghṛtāni) |
| Vocative | घृत (ghṛta) | घृते (ghṛte) | घृतानि (ghṛtāni) |
| Accusative | घृतम् (ghṛtam) | घृते (ghṛte) | घृतानि (ghṛtāni) |
| Instrumental | घृतेन (ghṛtena) | घृताभ्याम् (ghṛtābhyām) | घृतैः (ghṛtaiḥ) |
| Dative | घृताय (ghṛtāya) | घृताभ्याम् (ghṛtābhyām) | घृतेभ्यः (ghṛtebhyaḥ) |
| Ablative | घृतात् (ghṛtāt) | घृताभ्याम् (ghṛtābhyām) | घृतेभ्यः (ghṛtebhyaḥ) |
| Genitive | घृतस्य (ghṛtasya) | घृतयोः (ghṛtayoḥ) | घृतानाम् (ghṛtānām) |
| Locative | घृते (ghṛte) | घृतयोः (ghṛtayoḥ) | घृतेषु (ghṛteṣu) |
Etymology 3
Of uncertain origin.
Traditionally derived from the root घृ (ghṛ, “to rub, sprinkle”) and compared with विघृत (vighṛta, “besprinkled, dripping”).[1] However, considering that the word refers to "melted (heated) butter", it is more likely that the word derives from Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰr-tos, from *gʷʰer- (“warm, hot”). In the latter case, cognate with Etymology 2, as well as Middle Irish gert (“a product of cattle excluding calves, esp. milk or manure”).[2]
Noun
घृत • (ghṛtá) stem, n
- ghee i.e. clarified butter or butter which has been boiled gently and allowed to cool (it is used for culinary and religious purposes and is highly esteemed by the Hindus), fat (as an emblem of fertility), fluid grease, cream
- the spiritual bliss obtained from the divine cow (Vedic)
- RV 1.87.2d
- RV 1.134.6g
- बभ्रवे नु सवतवसे ऽरुणाय दिविस्प्र्शे
विश्वा इत ते धेनवो दुह्र आशिरं घृतं दुह्रत आशिरम- babhrave nu savatavase ʼruṇāya divisprśe
viśvā ita te dhenavo duhra āśiraṃ ghṛtaṃ duhrata āśirama - Yea, poured by all invoking tribes who free themselves from taint of sin,
For thee all cows are milked to yield the Soma-milk, to yield the butter and the milk.
- babhrave nu savatavase ʼruṇāya divisprśe
- (= उदक (udaka)) fertilizing rain (considered as the fat which drops from heaven), water
- name of a son of Dharma (grandson of Anu and father of Duduha)
Declension
| Neuter a-stem declension of घृत (ghṛtá) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| Nominative | घृतम् ghṛtám |
घृते ghṛté |
घृतानि / घृता¹ ghṛtā́ni / ghṛtā́¹ |
| Vocative | घृत ghṛ́ta |
घृते ghṛ́te |
घृतानि / घृता¹ ghṛ́tāni / ghṛ́tā¹ |
| Accusative | घृतम् ghṛtám |
घृते ghṛté |
घृतानि / घृता¹ ghṛtā́ni / ghṛtā́¹ |
| Instrumental | घृतेन ghṛténa |
घृताभ्याम् ghṛtā́bhyām |
घृतैः / घृतेभिः¹ ghṛtaíḥ / ghṛtébhiḥ¹ |
| Dative | घृताय ghṛtā́ya |
घृताभ्याम् ghṛtā́bhyām |
घृतेभ्यः ghṛtébhyaḥ |
| Ablative | घृतात् ghṛtā́t |
घृताभ्याम् ghṛtā́bhyām |
घृतेभ्यः ghṛtébhyaḥ |
| Genitive | घृतस्य ghṛtásya |
घृतयोः ghṛtáyoḥ |
घृतानाम् ghṛtā́nām |
| Locative | घृते ghṛté |
घृतयोः ghṛtáyoḥ |
घृतेषु ghṛtéṣu |
| Notes |
| ||
Related terms
- सर्पिस् (sarpís)
Descendants
Descendants
- Dardic:
- Dameli: giŕu
- Kashmiri: گیێو (gyev)
- Phalura: گھیڑ (ghīṛ)
- Savi: giṛ
- Shina: گِ (gi), گِیہ (gīh), گھِی (ghī)
- Shumashti: gə̄t
- Torwali: گھِیت (ghīt)
- Wotapuri-Katarqalai: gíu
- Pali: ghata
- Prakrit: 𑀖𑀺𑀅 (ghia), 𑀖𑀬 (ghaya)
References
- Monier Williams (1899) “घृत”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, pages 0378/2, 0379/1.
- Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “ghrta”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 243
- Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan] (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 516
- Lubotsky, Alexander (2011) The Indo-Aryan Inherited Lexicon (in progress) (Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Project), Leiden University, pages 212-3
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