गङ्गा
Pali
Alternative forms
Declension
Declension table of "गङ्गा" (feminine)
| Case \ Number | Singular |
|---|---|
| Nominative (first) | गङ्गा (gaṅgā) |
| Accusative (second) | गङ्गं (gaṅgaṃ) |
| Instrumental (third) | गङ्गाय (gaṅgāya) |
| Dative (fourth) | गङ्गाय (gaṅgāya) |
| Ablative (fifth) | गङ्गाय (gaṅgāya) |
| Genitive (sixth) | गङ्गाय (gaṅgāya) |
| Locative (seventh) | गङ्गाय (gaṅgāya) or गङ्गायं (gaṅgāyaṃ) |
| Vocative (calling) | गङ्गे (gaṅge) |
Sanskrit
Alternative forms
- गंगा (gaṃgā)
Alternative scripts
Alternative scripts
- গঙ্গা (Assamese script)
- ᬕᬗ᭄ᬕᬵ (Balinese script)
- গঙ্গা (Bengali script)
- 𑰐𑰒𑰿𑰐𑰯 (Bhaiksuki script)
- 𑀕𑀗𑁆𑀕𑀸 (Brahmi script)
- ဂင်္ဂါ (Burmese script)
- ગઙ્ગા (Gujarati script)
- ਗਙ੍ਗਾ (Gurmukhi script)
- 𑌗𑌙𑍍𑌗𑌾 (Grantha script)
- ꦒꦔ꧀ꦒꦴ (Javanese script)
- 𑂏𑂑𑂹𑂏𑂰 (Kaithi script)
- ಗಙ್ಗಾ (Kannada script)
- គង្គា (Khmer script)
- ຄງ຺ຄາ (Lao script)
- ഗങ്ഗാ (Malayalam script)
- ᡤᠠᢛᡤᠠᢇ (Manchu script)
- 𑘐𑘒𑘿𑘐𑘰 (Modi script)
- ᠺᠠᢊᠺᠠᠠ (Mongolian script)
- 𑦰𑦲𑧠𑦰𑧑 (Nandinagari script)
- 𑐐𑐒𑑂𑐐𑐵 (Newa script)
- ଗଙ୍ଗା (Odia script)
- ꢔꢖ꣄ꢔꢵ (Saurashtra script)
- 𑆓𑆕𑇀𑆓𑆳 (Sharada script)
- 𑖐𑖒𑖿𑖐𑖯 (Siddham script)
- ගඞ්ගා (Sinhalese script)
- 𑩞𑩠 𑪙𑩞𑩛 (Soyombo script)
- 𑚌𑚎𑚶𑚌𑚭 (Takri script)
- க³ங்க³ா (Tamil script)
- గఙ్గా (Telugu script)
- คงฺคา (Thai script)
- ག་ངྒཱ (Tibetan script)
- 𑒑𑒓𑓂𑒑𑒰 (Tirhuta script)
- 𑨍𑨏𑩇𑨍𑨊 (Zanabazar Square script)
Etymology
Probably from the root गम् (gam, “to go, move”), literally meaning "swift-goer". If a folk etymology, perhaps alternatively of substrate origin.
Proper noun
गङ्गा • (gaṅgā) stem, f
- the river Ganges
- Ganges river personified as the goddess, Ganga
- c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 10.75.5:
- इ॒मं मे॑ गङ्गे यमुने सरस्वति॒ शुतु॑द्रि॒ स्तोमं॑ सचता॒ परु॒ष्ण्या।
अ॒सि॒क्न्या म॑रुद्वृधे वि॒तस्त॒यार्जी॑कीये शृणु॒ह्या सु॒षोम॑या॥- imáṃ me gaṅge yamune sarasvati śútudri stómaṃ sacatā páruṣṇyā́.
asiknyā́ marudvṛdhe vitástayā́rjīkīye śṛṇuhyā́ suṣómayā. - Accept this my praise, Gaṅgā, Yamunā, Sarasvatī, Śutudri, Paruṣṇi, Asiknī, Marudvṛdha and Vitastā; listen, Ārjikīya with Suṣomā.
- imáṃ me gaṅge yamune sarasvati śútudri stómaṃ sacatā páruṣṇyā́.
- इ॒मं मे॑ गङ्गे यमुने सरस्वति॒ शुतु॑द्रि॒ स्तोमं॑ सचता॒ परु॒ष्ण्या।
Declension
| Feminine ā-stem declension of गङ्गा (gaṅgā) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| Nominative | गङ्गा gaṅgā |
गङ्गे gaṅge |
गङ्गाः gaṅgāḥ |
| Vocative | गङ्गे gaṅge |
गङ्गे gaṅge |
गङ्गाः gaṅgāḥ |
| Accusative | गङ्गाम् gaṅgām |
गङ्गे gaṅge |
गङ्गाः gaṅgāḥ |
| Instrumental | गङ्गया / गङ्गा¹ gaṅgayā / gaṅgā¹ |
गङ्गाभ्याम् gaṅgābhyām |
गङ्गाभिः gaṅgābhiḥ |
| Dative | गङ्गायै gaṅgāyai |
गङ्गाभ्याम् gaṅgābhyām |
गङ्गाभ्यः gaṅgābhyaḥ |
| Ablative | गङ्गायाः / गङ्गायै² gaṅgāyāḥ / gaṅgāyai² |
गङ्गाभ्याम् gaṅgābhyām |
गङ्गाभ्यः gaṅgābhyaḥ |
| Genitive | गङ्गायाः / गङ्गायै² gaṅgāyāḥ / gaṅgāyai² |
गङ्गयोः gaṅgayoḥ |
गङ्गानाम् gaṅgānām |
| Locative | गङ्गायाम् gaṅgāyām |
गङ्गयोः gaṅgayoḥ |
गङ्गासु gaṅgāsu |
| Notes |
| ||
Descendants
- → Ancient Greek: Γάγγης (Gángēs)
- Ardhamagadhi Prakrit: 𑀕𑀁𑀕𑀸 (gaṃgā)
- Old Awadhi: 𑂏𑂰𑂀𑂏
- → Assamese: গংগা (goṅga)
- → Bengali: গঙ্গা (goṅga)
- → Czech: Ganga
- → Dhivehi: ގަންގާ (gan̊gā)
- → Gujarati: ગંગા (gaṅgā)
- → Hindi: गंगा (gaṅgā)
- → Kannada: ಗಂಗಾ (gaṅgā)
- Magadhi Prakrit:
- → Malayalam: ഗംഗ (gaṅga)
- → Marathi: गंगा (gaṅgā)
- → Middle Chinese: 恆伽 (MC hong gja)
- → Middle Persian:
- → Old Javanese:
- Javanese: ꦒꦁꦒ (gangga)
- → Old Tamil:
- Tamil: கங்கை (kaṅkai)
- → Odia: ଗଙ୍ଗା (gôṅga)
- Pali: gaṅgā
- → Punjabi: ਗੰਗਾ (gaṅgā)
- → Sinhalese: ගංගා (gaṁgā)
- → Telugu: గంగ (gaṅga)
References
- Monier Williams (1899) “गङ्गा”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 341/2.
- Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan] (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 457
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