कुमार

Hindi

Etymology

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit कुमार (kumāra).

Pronunciation

  • (Delhi Hindi) IPA(key): /kʊ.mɑːɾ/, [kʊ.mäːɾ]

Noun

कुमार • (kumār) m (feminine कुमारी)

  1. youth, young person
  2. bachelor
  3. prince (shortened from राजकुमार (rājkumār))

Declension

Proper noun

कुमार • (kumār) m

  1. a male given name, Kumar, from Sanskrit

Declension

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

Etymology

Of uncertain origin.

Perhaps from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ku-ma- (tender, young) (with *ku denoting "small and weak") and cognate with Persian کودک (kudak, child), deriving further from a hypothetical Proto-Indo-European *ku-mo- (small, weak) and possibly connected to Ancient Greek σκύμνος (skúmnos, cub, whelp), Lithuanian kumẽlė (mare), and Latvian kumeļš (foal).

Another theory takes the word as a compound of कु- (ku-, intensifying prefix) + a form of म्लै (mlai, to fade, wither, decay, be languid or exhausted).

Finally, Kuiper considers the word as borrowed from Dravidian.

Pronunciation

Noun

कुमार • (kumārá) stem, m

  1. a child, boy, youth
  2. a son
  3. prince, heir apparent associated in the kingdom with the reigning monarch
  4. a groom

Usage notes

Used as another name for कार्त्तिकेय (kārttikeya, Hindu god of war).

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of कुमार (kumārá)
Singular Dual Plural
Nominative कुमारः
kumāráḥ
कुमारौ / कुमारा¹
kumāraú / kumārā́¹
कुमाराः / कुमारासः¹
kumārā́ḥ / kumārā́saḥ¹
Vocative कुमार
kúmāra
कुमारौ / कुमारा¹
kúmārau / kúmārā¹
कुमाराः / कुमारासः¹
kúmārāḥ / kúmārāsaḥ¹
Accusative कुमारम्
kumārám
कुमारौ / कुमारा¹
kumāraú / kumārā́¹
कुमारान्
kumārā́n
Instrumental कुमारेण
kumāréṇa
कुमाराभ्याम्
kumārā́bhyām
कुमारैः / कुमारेभिः¹
kumāraíḥ / kumārébhiḥ¹
Dative कुमाराय
kumārā́ya
कुमाराभ्याम्
kumārā́bhyām
कुमारेभ्यः
kumārébhyaḥ
Ablative कुमारात्
kumārā́t
कुमाराभ्याम्
kumārā́bhyām
कुमारेभ्यः
kumārébhyaḥ
Genitive कुमारस्य
kumārásya
कुमारयोः
kumāráyoḥ
कुमाराणाम्
kumārā́ṇām
Locative कुमारे
kumāré
कुमारयोः
kumāráyoḥ
कुमारेषु
kumāréṣu
Notes
  • ¹Vedic

Descendants

References

  • Monier Williams (1899) “कुमार”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, [], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 292/1.
  • Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan] (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, pages 368-9
  • Mayrhofer, Manfred (1956) Kurzgefasstes Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindischen [A Concise Etymological Sanskrit Dictionary] (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, pages 232-3
  • Charles Rockwell Lanman (1920) A Sanskrit Reader: Text and Vocabulary and Notes
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