कष्ट

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit कष्ट (kaṣṭa).

• (Delhi Hindi) IPA^(key): /kəʂʈ/, [kɐʂʈ]

कष्ट • (kaṣṭ) m (Urdu spelling کشٹ)

1. trouble

   मैं आपको कष्ट नहीं देना चाहता था।

   ma͠i āpko kaṣṭ nahī̃ denā cāhtā thā.

   I did not want to give you any trouble.

   मैं बहुत आर्थिक कष्ट में हूँ।

   ma͠i bahut ārthik kaṣṭ mẽ hū̃.

   I am in great financial trouble.

2. suffering, agony

   Synonym: दुःख (duḥkh)

   स्वर्ग में तुम्हारे पाप के लिए कष्ट उठाना पड़ेगा।

   svarg mẽ tumhāre pāp ke lie kaṣṭ uṭhānā paṛegā.

   You will have to suffer for your sin in Heaven.

• तकलीफ़ (taklīf)

• Bahri, Hardev (1989) “कष्ट”, in Siksarthi Hindi-Angrejhi Sabdakosa [Learners' Hindi-English Dictionary], Delhi: Rajpal & Sons.
• Platts, John T. (1884) “कष्ट”, in A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English, London: W. H. Allen & Co.

Borrowed from Sanskrit कष्ट (kaṣṭa).

• IPA^(key): /kəʂ.ʈə/

कष्ट • (kaṣṭa) n

1. hard work

   Synonym: मेहनत (mehnat)

• कष्टकरी (kaṣṭakrī, “hardworking”)
• कष्टाळू (kaṣṭāḷū, “hardworking”)

• Berntsen, Maxine, “कष्ट”, in A Basic Marathi-English Dictionary, New Delhi: American Institute of Indian Studies, 1982-1983.

Traditionally derived from the root कष् (kaṣ, “to injure, destroy”) +‎ -त (-ta). Other theories connecting the word to Ancient Greek κᾰκός (kakós, “bad, wretched”) are formally unsatisfying.

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /kɐʂ.ʈɐ́/
• (Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈkɐʂ.ʈɐ/

कष्ट • (kaṣṭa) stem, m

1. evil, difficulty, trouble, misery, suffering, hardship

   भवतः किं कष्टं अस्ति

   bhavataḥ kiṃ kaṣṭaṃ asti

   Tell me, what is your trouble?

2. sin, wickedness
3. difficulty, effort

   एतद् कष्टं न

   etad kaṣṭaṃ na

   this is not difficult; there is no difficulty in this

4. sorrowful, miserable

कष्ट • (kaṣṭá)

1. bad, evil, ill, wrong

   रामहस्तमनुप्राप्य कष्टात् कष्टतरं गता

   rāmahastamanuprāpya kaṣṭāt kaṣṭataraṃ gatā

   gone from bad to worse; reduced to a wretched condition.

2. painful, grievous
3. difficult
4. hard to subdue (as an enemy)
5. mischievous, hurtful, injurious
6. boding evil

• Prakrit:
  • Punjabi: ਕਠੋਰ (kaṭhor, “stern, vigorous, harsh, cruel”), ਕਠਨਾਈ (kaṭhanāī, “difficulty”)
• →Tatsama:

  • Bengali: কষ্ট (kośṭo)
  • Hindi: कष्ट (kaṣṭ)
  • Punjabi: ਕਸ਼ਟ (kaśaṭ)
  • Tamil: கஷ்டம் (kaṣṭam)
  • Telugu: కష్టము (kaṣṭamu)

• Monier Williams (1899) “कष्ट”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, pages 265/3, 266/1.
• Apte, Vaman Shivram (1890) “कष्ट”, in The practical Sanskrit-English dictionary, Poona: Prasad Prakashan
• Arthur Anthony Macdonell (1893) “कष्ट”, in A practical Sanskrit dictionary with transliteration, accentuation, and etymological analysis throughout, London: Oxford University Press
• Mayrhofer, Manfred (2001) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎ (in German), volume 3, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, pages 78-9