कठिन
See also: कठिनि
Hindi
Pronunciation
- (Delhi Hindi) IPA(key): /kə.ʈʰɪn/, [kɐ.ʈʰɪ̃n]
Adjective
कठिन • (kaṭhin) (indeclinable, Urdu spelling کٹھن)
Derived terms
- कठिनाई (kaṭhināī)
Related terms
- कठिनता (kaṭhintā)
Further reading
- Bahri, Hardev (1989) “कठिन”, in Siksarthi Hindi-Angrejhi Sabdakosa [Learners' Hindi-English Dictionary], Delhi: Rajpal & Sons.
- Caturvedi, Mahendra, Bhola Nath Tiwari (1970) “कठिन”, in A practical Hindi-English dictionary, Delhi: National Publishing House
- “कठिन”, in Collins Gem Hindi-English Dictionary, Collins, 2011, →ISBN
- Dāsa, Śyāmasundara (1965–1975) “कठिन”, in Hindī Śabdasāgara [lit. Sea of Hindi words] (in Hindi), Kashi [Varanasi]: Nagari Pracarini Sabha
- McGregor, Ronald Stuart (1993) “कठिन”, in The Oxford Hindi-English Dictionary, London: Oxford University Press
- Platts, John T. (1884) “कठिन”, in A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English, London: W. H. Allen & Co.
Sanskrit
Alternative scripts
Alternative scripts
- কঠিন (Assamese script)
- ᬓᬞᬶᬦ (Balinese script)
- কঠিন (Bengali script)
- 𑰎𑰙𑰰𑰡 (Bhaiksuki script)
- 𑀓𑀞𑀺𑀦 (Brahmi script)
- ကဌိန (Burmese script)
- કઠિન (Gujarati script)
- ਕਠਿਨ (Gurmukhi script)
- 𑌕𑌠𑌿𑌨 (Grantha script)
- ꦏꦜꦶꦤ (Javanese script)
- 𑂍𑂘𑂱𑂢 (Kaithi script)
- ಕಠಿನ (Kannada script)
- កឋិន (Khmer script)
- ກຐິນ (Lao script)
- കഠിന (Malayalam script)
- ᡬᠠᡱᡳᠨᠠ (Manchu script)
- 𑘎𑘙𑘱𑘡 (Modi script)
- ᢉᠠᢍᠢᠨᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
- 𑦮𑦹𑧒𑧁 (Nandinagari script)
- 𑐎𑐛𑐶𑐣 (Newa script)
- କଠିନ (Odia script)
- ꢒꢝꢶꢥ (Saurashtra script)
- 𑆑𑆜𑆴𑆤 (Sharada script)
- 𑖎𑖙𑖰𑖡 (Siddham script)
- කඨින (Sinhalese script)
- 𑩜𑩧𑩑𑩯 (Soyombo script)
- 𑚊𑚕𑚮𑚝 (Takri script)
- கடி²ந (Tamil script)
- కఠిన (Telugu script)
- กฐิน (Thai script)
- ཀ་ཋི་ན (Tibetan script)
- 𑒏𑒚𑒱𑒢 (Tirhuta script)
- 𑨋𑨕𑨁𑨝 (Zanabazar Square script)
Adjective
कठिन • (kaṭhina) stem
Declension
| Masculine a-stem declension of कठिन (kaṭhina) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| Nominative | कठिनः kaṭhinaḥ |
कठिनौ / कठिना¹ kaṭhinau / kaṭhinā¹ |
कठिनाः / कठिनासः¹ kaṭhināḥ / kaṭhināsaḥ¹ |
| Vocative | कठिन kaṭhina |
कठिनौ / कठिना¹ kaṭhinau / kaṭhinā¹ |
कठिनाः / कठिनासः¹ kaṭhināḥ / kaṭhināsaḥ¹ |
| Accusative | कठिनम् kaṭhinam |
कठिनौ / कठिना¹ kaṭhinau / kaṭhinā¹ |
कठिनान् kaṭhinān |
| Instrumental | कठिनेन kaṭhinena |
कठिनाभ्याम् kaṭhinābhyām |
कठिनैः / कठिनेभिः¹ kaṭhinaiḥ / kaṭhinebhiḥ¹ |
| Dative | कठिनाय kaṭhināya |
कठिनाभ्याम् kaṭhinābhyām |
कठिनेभ्यः kaṭhinebhyaḥ |
| Ablative | कठिनात् kaṭhināt |
कठिनाभ्याम् kaṭhinābhyām |
कठिनेभ्यः kaṭhinebhyaḥ |
| Genitive | कठिनस्य kaṭhinasya |
कठिनयोः kaṭhinayoḥ |
कठिनानाम् kaṭhinānām |
| Locative | कठिने kaṭhine |
कठिनयोः kaṭhinayoḥ |
कठिनेषु kaṭhineṣu |
| Notes |
| ||
| Feminine ā-stem declension of कठिना (kaṭhinā) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| Nominative | कठिना kaṭhinā |
कठिने kaṭhine |
कठिनाः kaṭhināḥ |
| Vocative | कठिने kaṭhine |
कठिने kaṭhine |
कठिनाः kaṭhināḥ |
| Accusative | कठिनाम् kaṭhinām |
कठिने kaṭhine |
कठिनाः kaṭhināḥ |
| Instrumental | कठिनया / कठिना¹ kaṭhinayā / kaṭhinā¹ |
कठिनाभ्याम् kaṭhinābhyām |
कठिनाभिः kaṭhinābhiḥ |
| Dative | कठिनायै kaṭhināyai |
कठिनाभ्याम् kaṭhinābhyām |
कठिनाभ्यः kaṭhinābhyaḥ |
| Ablative | कठिनायाः / कठिनायै² kaṭhināyāḥ / kaṭhināyai² |
कठिनाभ्याम् kaṭhinābhyām |
कठिनाभ्यः kaṭhinābhyaḥ |
| Genitive | कठिनायाः / कठिनायै² kaṭhināyāḥ / kaṭhināyai² |
कठिनयोः kaṭhinayoḥ |
कठिनानाम् kaṭhinānām |
| Locative | कठिनायाम् kaṭhināyām |
कठिनयोः kaṭhinayoḥ |
कठिनासु kaṭhināsu |
| Notes |
| ||
| Neuter a-stem declension of कठिन (kaṭhina) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| Nominative | कठिनम् kaṭhinam |
कठिने kaṭhine |
कठिनानि / कठिना¹ kaṭhināni / kaṭhinā¹ |
| Vocative | कठिन kaṭhina |
कठिने kaṭhine |
कठिनानि / कठिना¹ kaṭhināni / kaṭhinā¹ |
| Accusative | कठिनम् kaṭhinam |
कठिने kaṭhine |
कठिनानि / कठिना¹ kaṭhināni / kaṭhinā¹ |
| Instrumental | कठिनेन kaṭhinena |
कठिनाभ्याम् kaṭhinābhyām |
कठिनैः / कठिनेभिः¹ kaṭhinaiḥ / kaṭhinebhiḥ¹ |
| Dative | कठिनाय kaṭhināya |
कठिनाभ्याम् kaṭhinābhyām |
कठिनेभ्यः kaṭhinebhyaḥ |
| Ablative | कठिनात् kaṭhināt |
कठिनाभ्याम् kaṭhinābhyām |
कठिनेभ्यः kaṭhinebhyaḥ |
| Genitive | कठिनस्य kaṭhinasya |
कठिनयोः kaṭhinayoḥ |
कठिनानाम् kaṭhinānām |
| Locative | कठिने kaṭhine |
कठिनयोः kaṭhinayoḥ |
कठिनेषु kaṭhineṣu |
| Notes |
| ||
Derived terms
Descendants
References
- Monier Williams (1899) “कठिन”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 244.
This article is issued from Wiktionary. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.